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Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 773 19 of 35 Year 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2015 Authors Fan et al. [88] Zhu et al. [98] Wang et al. [186] Zhong et al. [187] Zhu et al. [188] Hu et al. [101] Chen et al. [102] Yang et al. [112] Cheng et al. [103] Hou et al. [142] Yang et al. [189] Zhu et al. [115] Lin et al. [105] Liang et al. [190] Zheng et al. [180] Yang et al. [135] Sun et al. [191] Tribo-Layer Used in TENG PET/Kapton PMMA/Kapton nanowires PDMS/Kapton/SiO2 PTFE/PET Acrylic/PTFE Acrylic sheet/Kapton film PTFE/Acrylic PTFE/PET PMMA/PDMS/SiO2 nanoparticles PMMA/PDMS/SiO2 nanoparticles PET/PDMS PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE PTFE Acrylic/polyolefin Ethyl cellulose/polylactic acid/Kapton The Electrode Used in TENG Gold(Au)–Palladium(Pd) alloy film Aluminum Aluminum Cu/Ag Aluminum/Copper Al/Cu Al/Cu Al/Cu Au film Au film Indium tin oxide (ITO)/Cu Al Metal gratings PMMA/Cu ITO ITO/PET Al Copper wire/silver paste Surface Power Density - - - - - 2.76 W/m2 726.1 mW/m2 30.75 W/m2 3.6 × 105 W/m2 350 mW/m2 500 W/m2 200 W/m2 11.56 mW/m2 - 288 mW/m2 - Applications Table 5. Summary of experimental studies on different triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Open-Circuit Voltage (VOC) (V) 3.3 110 230 407 615 110 287.4 428 285 115 220 1100 0–500 9.3 Short-Circuit Current (ISC) (μA) 0.6 6 94 ~33 0.44 15 76.8 1.395 0.53 5.2 40 - - 17 Current Density - - - - A/m2 - - - 1325 A/m2 104 A/m2 0.8 μA/m2 6 mA/m2 - - Power Density and Power ~10.4 mW/m3 31.2 mW/m3 128 mW/m3 ~4.125 mW - - - - 142 - -- Load Resistance (Ω) - - 50 MΩ - - 6 MΩ - 2 MΩ 500 MΩ 22 MΩ 103–108 Ω 100 MΩ - 5 MΩ 0.5 MΩ - 100 MΩ 0–200 KΩ 0.18 Self-powered systems Small portable electronics Portable electronics Mobile electronics Mechanical energy harvesting Wave energy harvesting Self-powered vibration sensors Harvest walking energy High-pulsed power source Self-powered systems Harvesting walking energy for sensors Self-powered sensors Self-powered electronics Water drop energy Energy from water drops Solar PV e-skin Harvesting energy from biological activities W 1.4 × 104 W/m2 - 10 - - 15 × 106 W/m3, 3 W(average power) - - - - - 30 - −1070 - 310.5 16.2 4.2 mA/m2 10 mA/m2 -PDF Image | Nanogenerators as a Sustainable Power Source
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