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Figure 17. Western United States oil and gas basins: water geochemistry. Interest exists to beneficially use CBM water for various applications due to lower TDS. These applications include irrigation, livestock watering, and streamflow augmentation. Dissolved chemicals in CBM produced water can differ greatly from those in surface waters because of their origin within coal seam aquifers (Clearwater, 2002 #80);(Van Voast, 2003 #45). Therefore, it is important to determine the coal seam water quality, particularly that of minor ions that may precipitate or concentrate upon release to the surface. McBeth et al. (2003) collected CBM product water samples from discharge points and associated discharge ponds. This study focused on identifying changes in CBM produced water quality upon release to surface ponds. Although this report does not go into detail regarding downstream changes in water quality, the values analyzed by that study for discharge points, which included aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), boron (B), barium (Ba), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu),fluorine (F), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn), which are also included in table 14 to supplement COGCC database values for minor ion concentrations. Table 14 includes a comprehensive list of inorganic constituents. Minor ion concentrations for conventional wells are provided from numerous studies in cooperation with the USGS database values. Fakhru’l-Razi et al. (2009) summarized oil and gas conventional water qualities separately (Fakhru'l-Razi, Pendashteh et al. 2009). Although those ranges have been combined for the 54PDF Image | Oil and Gas Produced Water Management
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