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7. Assessment of Technologies for Treatment of Produced Water Because produced water may contain many different types of contaminants and the concentration of contaminants varies significantly, numerous types of treatment technologies have been proposed to treat produced water. Most often, an effective produced water treatment system will consist of many different types of individual unit processes used in series to remove a wide suite of contaminants that may not be removed with a single process. Organic and particulate removal, desalination, and disinfection are the major classifications of produced water treatment technologies. A qualitative comparison of produced water treatment technologies is presented to provide an assessment of the benefits and limitations of each technology for produced water applications. The criteria used to compare the technologies are robustness, reliability, mobility, flexibility, modularity, cost, chemical and energy demand, and brine or residual disposal requirements. • Robustness refers the ability of the equipment to withstand harsh environmental conditions, have high mechanical strength, and represents a technology in which the failure of an individual component does not significantly affect the overall performance of the technology. • Reliability means that the technology will require minimal down time, can produce consistent water quality, and is not prone to failure. • Mobility measures the ease with which the equipment can be moved from one site to another. • Flexibility is the measure of the capability of the technology to accommodate a wide range of feed water qualities and to handle an upset in water quality without failure or reduced product water quality. • Modularity refers to the ability to implement the technology as a unit process in a train of treatment technologies and the ability of ease with which the system can be modified to handle changing water volumes. Based on industry research and communication with industry contacts, these criteria were deemed most important for produced water applications. 69PDF Image | Oil and Gas Produced Water Management
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