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Organic Rankine Cycle Systems Principles, opportunities and challenges Bertrand F. Tchanche LMBE (Laboratoire de Maîtrise des Besoins Energétiques) ESIEE-Amiens Amiens, France tchanche@esiee-amiens.fr Pierre Loonis LMBE (Laboratoire de Maîtrise des Besoins Energétiques) ESIEE-Amiens Amiens, France loonis@esiee-amiens.fr Mathieu Pétrissans LERMAB (Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois) Université de Lorraine Nancy, France Mathieu.pétrissans@univ-lorraine.fr Harry Ramenah LICM (Laboratoire Interfaces, Capteurs, Microélectroniques) Université de Lorraine-Metz / Supelec Metz, France harry.ramenah@supelec.fr Abstract — an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is simply a steam cycle in which the traditional steam is replaced by refrigerants or hydrocarbons. ORCs utilize clean energy resources: geothermal fluids, solar irradiation, ocean thermal gradient, heat from biomass combustion and waste heat from industrial thermal processes. The interest is growing over this technology. Large systems (> 400 kW) are commercially available while small scale systems are still under development. This technology is a new opportunity for industries and alternative solution for clean power generation. This paper recalls ORC principles, outlines challenges to be overcome (working fluids, small expanders design, performance map, heat exchangers integration, and project guidelines) and gives few data on the ORC market. Index Terms— Organic Rankine cycle, heat resource, working fluid, renewable energy. I. INTRODUCTION In recent decades the use of fossil fuels in human activities added to growing energy consumption and demographic growth have brought a certain number of concerns among which the global warming with severe effects: increasing sea level, drought, frequent typhoons, fauna disappearance, etc. In this context, any effort to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels is thus welcome. Reshaping the new energy mix implies the integration of new, innovative and environmentally friendly energy technologies. Proposed solutions are wind turbines, photovoltaic systems, concentrating solar power technologies, tidal and wave systems, bio-energy systems, hydropower plants, organic Rankine cycle systems, etc. ORCs are designed to convert medium and low temperature heat into power. They use refrigerants or hydrocarbons instead of water, operate at lower pressure and offer the possibility to scale down conventional power plants [1, 2]. The organic Rankine cycle technology is particularly attractive for the following features: modularity and adaptability to various heat sources proven technology with good maturity less complexity and less maintenance scalable and distributed generation system low investment and maintenance costs market availability and well known suppliers short commissioning time and good acceptance 296PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycle Systems
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