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In the case of actuators to be used in aerodynamic applications, the process is a little more complicated as the actuator must be mounted on the body submitted to the flow and therefore the material of the body induces perturbations as well on the plasma but also on the "electric wind" created, more they need a counter electrode. Nevertheless, the fact that such device has no moving part constitutes a real advantage for use in aeronautic industry. Plasma actuators may be classified by their geometrical configuration and the kind of high voltage applied. 5.2. Plasma actuators without dielectric barrier 5.2.1 Set of wires placed above a flat plate The flat plate (183 cm long and 91 cm wide) was placed in a wind tunnel whose turbulence intensity was below 0.5%. and the velocity around 53 m/s. The leading edge of the plate was a sharp 15° bevel. They placed above the flat plate four wire 8 electrodes parallel to the plate 14 mm above the plate and perpendicularly to the flow. The four wire electrodes were 0.2 mm in diameter and 15 mm spaced one to the other. This set of electrodes were placed 32.4 cm from the leading edge in the region where the transition laminar to turbulent appeared without applied voltage. Indeed, without wires or even with wires but not connected to the high voltage, the transition occurred at 38.7 cm from the leading edge, while the fourth wire is located 36.9 cm from the leading edge. The four wires were connected to the same high voltage supply. The voltage source had a constant 10 kV component plus an alternative 2 kV component with an adjustable frequency. When the voltage was applied to the wires, electric wind is generated by each wire and the transition was shifted 46 mm downstream (43.3 cm from the leading edge). This phenomenon was independent of the frequency. 16PDF Image | PLASMA FUNCTIONALIZATION OF MULTI-SCALE STRUCTURES
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