PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 022
Produced Water White Paper 14 related to the amount of precipitation. Where rainfall is relatively abundant, most of the salts are flushed to the groundwater or surface streams and do not accumulate in soils. However, where precipitation levels are low, salts may be present at high concentrations in the soils and in the surface and groundwater. - Local environments can be altered as a result of excess sodicity. Excess sodicity can cause clay to deflocculate, thereby lowering the permeability of soil to air and water, and reducing nutrient availability. - Oxygen demand in produced water can overwhelm surface waters and reduce the oxygen level enough to damage aquatic species. 2.3.3 Other Impact Issues Produced water constituents can affect both the environment and operations. Produced water volumes can be expected to grow as onshore wells age (the ratio of produced water to oil increases as wells age) and coal bed methane production increases to help meet projected natural gas demand. In addition, deep offshore production is expected to increase, and treating produced water prior to discharge may become increasingly difficult due to space limitations and motion on the rigs, which limit the use of conventional offshore treatment technologies. This growth will increase produced water management challenges for which a knowledge and understanding of the constituents of produced water and their effects will be critical. As the amount of produced water increases, the amount of produced water constituents entering the water will increase, even assuming concentration discharge limits are met. Also, because actual impacts of produced water constituents will depend on the produced water as a whole in the context of the environment into which it is released, it will be important to understand effects of site-specific produced waters rather than addressing individual components. A variety of potential additive, synergistic, and antagonistic effects of multiple constituents can affect actual impacts. Cross-media impacts can occur when technologies designed to address one environmental problem (e.g., discharge of produced water to the marine or onshore environment) create other problems (e.g., increased energy use, air emissions, contamination of aquifers from CBM reinjection), which could result in a greater net impact to the environment.PDF Image | Produced Water from Production of Crude Oil
PDF Search Title:
Produced Water from Production of Crude OilOriginal File Name Searched:
ProducedWatersWP0401.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)