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RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION COSTS 2019 INVESTMENT TRENDS With falling costs, investment trends in renewables need to be examined with a critical eye, as trends in absolute currency values mask the dramatically improved value for money that renewables investments now represent. To illustrate, Figure 1.12 shows the trends in the value of investment of new renewable capacity added by year.14 In 2010, when new capacity additions of renewables totalled 88 GW, the investment value of all the renewable capacity newly commissioned in that year was USD 210 billion. In 2019, twice that level of new renewable power generation capacity was commissioned, but cumulative investment had increased by only one-fifth, to USD 253 billion. For utility-scale and distributed solar PV, in 2010, the 17.5 GW of capacity added required USD 87 billion, or 42%, of total renewable investment. Approximately three-quarters of that (or 31% of the total) derived from distributed, typically rooftop, solar PV. By 2019, new capacity additions had risen to 97 GW, while investment needs rose to USD 115 billion, or 45% of the total. In 2019, utility-scale solar PV dominated deployment capacity (70 GW) and accounted for 60% of total solar PV investment (USD 69 billion). For newly commissioned wind power, in 2010, the numbers were 31 GW of capacity added, with an investment of USD 62 billion, or 30% of the total, with nine-tenths of that investment going to onshore wind. By 2019, new wind power capacity additions had almost doubled, to 59 GW, and required investment of USD 98 billion, which was 39% of total renewable power generation investment. Over the same period, offshore wind investment grew more than four-fold, from USD 4.3 billion to USD 17.8 billion, while new capacity additions grew from 900 MW in 2010 to 4680 MW in 2019 – accounting for 7% of all renewable investment in the latter year. Hydropower, CSP and bioenergy for power all saw their investment peak in 2013. For hydropower, the peak was in terms of new capacity deployed (46 GW), investment (USD 70 billion) and share of total investment in renewable power generation (26%). In 2010, new hydropower capacity additions of 22 GW supported investment of USD 43 billion (20% of the total), while this fell to 12 GW of new capacity, requiring investment of USD 22 billion in 2019 – some 9% of the total. CSP capacity additions and investments peaked in 2013, at 1.3 GW and USD 8 billion, while investment in 2019 was USD 3.5 billion. Investment in bioenergy also peaked in 2013, at around USD 22 billion, up from USD 12 billion in 2010. In 2019, investments in bioenergy for power were around USD 13 billion, or 5% of the total. Driven by modest new capacity additions, investment in geothermal ranged from a low of around USD 0.5 billion in 2011 to a high of USD 2.7 billion in 2019, which saw the largest new capacity commissioned in a single year this decade. Taking into account the global mix of new capacity additions, USD 1 million invested in renewable energy in 2010 yielded around 420 kW of capacity, but by 2019, on average, for every USD 1 million invested, 693 kW of renewable capacity was added, or around 70% more than in 2010. Examining the global average across all technologies is somewhat misleading, however, as this hides the shift in share of deployment away from low-cost hydropower. Looking at individual technologies reveals more about how investment needs have changed over time. Figure 1.13 shows the trends in investment by technology (bars) and the associated annual new capacity deployment (lines). This makes obvious the dramatic increase in utility-scale solar PV deployment relative to the total investment needed. The trend is a little less evident for distributed solar PV, but is significant nonetheless. For instance, USD 1 million invested in utility-scale solar PV in 2010 yielded 213 kW of capacity, while by 2019, this had more than quadrupled, to 1005 kW. The same comparison for distributed solar PV saw a tripling in capacity yielded for the same USD 1 million invested, from 196 kW in 2010 to 603 kW in 2019. The trend for onshore wind and offshore wind is more modest, with USD 1 million invested in 2010 yielding 215 kW of offshore capacity and 514 kW of onshore capacity, while by 2019 these figures had risen to 263 kW and 679 kW respectively. 40 14 This is simply the weighted average installed cost from this report for the specific technology and year multiplied by the new capacity commissioned in that year taken from IRENA statistics (IRENA, 2020a).PDF Image | RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION COSTS IN 2019
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