PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 085
Table 4.3 Regional and country weighted average LCOE of offshore wind, 2010 and 2019 OFFSHORE WIND 2010 2019 5th percentile Weighted average 95th percentile 5th percentile Weighted average 95th percentile (2019 USD/kWh) Asia China 0.116 0.177 0.189 0.094 0.112 0.119 Japan 0.214 0.214 0.214 0.198 0.198 0.198 Europe 0.111 0.159 0.178 0.087 0.117 0.157 Belgium 0.198 0.198 0.198 0.119 0.119 0.119 Denmark 0.111 0.111 0.111 0.087 0.087 0.087 Germany 0.178 0.179 0.181 0.104 0.120 0.155 United Kingdom 0.152 0.163 0.17 0.089 0.121 0.142 Source: IRENA Renewable Cost Database Floating offshore wind The development of the offshore wind sector has exceeded expectations. With zero subsidy projects in Germany and the Netherlands, and auction prices in the UK coming in at lower than the expected wholesale electricity price, offshore wind has announced its arrival as a competitive source of renewable electricity at scale. However, these projects are typically in relatively shallow waters. There is still a huge technical potential that can be unlocked in waters deeper than 60 metres. Installations in these water depths would enable countries such as Japan, where the seabed drops away rapidly as distance from the coast increases, to install significant volumes of offshore wind. However, the use of fixed-bottom foundations presents not only a technical challenge, but an economic one. The most promising solution to the economic challenge of offshore wind in deep waters is the use of floating foundations. From a technical and economic perspective, floating foundations offer an attractive solution, because they can build on the of the oil and gas industries deepwater experience with floating production platforms. This could allow floating wind to complement fixed-bottom developments by allowing greater deployment in deepwater locations, potentially closer to load centres, but also where seabed conditions mean fixed-bottom foundations are impractical even in shallow waters. The potential scale of resources that could be unlocked by floating wind is impressive. For example, the potential resource in Europe in water depths of 60 m or more is 4 TW, almost twice the potential in shallower waters. In the United States, the offshore wind potential in deep waters is estimated at 2.45 TW and in Japan at 0.5 TW – representing 60% and 80% of total potential offshore wind resources in those countries respectively (Carbon Trust,2015). In both the United States and Japan, floating wind could play a very important role, given the close proximity of good deepwater offshore wind resources to major cities, which are usually high electricity demand centres. In China, where a large share of installations has been near-shore, there is potential for over 2.2 TW of offshore wind in depths between 50-100m (IRENA, 2019b). IRENA’s analysis of a sustainable pathway that is consistent with meeting the Paris Agreement goals projects that floating offshore wind installed capacity might grow to 5-30 GW by 2030 and 50-150 GW by 2050 (IRENA, 2019b and IRENA, 2020b). Box 4.1 85PDF Image | RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION COSTS IN 2019
PDF Search Title:
RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION COSTS IN 2019Original File Name Searched:
IRENA_Power_Generation_Costs_2019.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |