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This has been an important contributor in unlocking increased capacity factor values for CSP plants, in recent years. The capacity factor values for projects in IRENA’s Renewable Cost Database during 2018 and 2019 ranged from 19% to 57% (Figure 8.3). The CSP market has experienced a shift from areas with lower solar resources in its early years, towards project development in areas with higher irradiation – a level typically referenced by the annual Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) metric. Projects with higher DNI levels than the early facilities developed in Spain have come online in a wide range of high-resource locations, such as Morocco, Chile and South Africa. Besides the increased storage capacity trend – which has sometimes made up for lower DNI availability (e.g. in the case of China) – the shift towards high DNI locations has been an important driver of increased CSP capacity factors (Figure 8.4). High heat transfer fluid (HTF) temperatures can also contribute to lower storage costs. For a given DNI level and fixed plant configuration conditions, higher HTF temperatures allow for a larger temperature differential between the ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ storage tanks that means greater energy (and hence storage duration) can be extracted for a given physical storage size, or less storage medium volume is needed to achieve a given number of storage hours. Figure 8.4 Capacity factor trends for CSP plants by direct normal irradiance, 2010-2019 CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% no storage 0 to 4 h 4 to 8 h 8+ h 64% 41% 42% 95th percentile 45% 31% 20% 30% 22% 5th percentile 0% 1500 2000 2500 1500 2000 2500 1500 2000 2500 1500 2000 2500 2010 Linear Fresnel Parabolic trough Solar tower 2019 Capacity (MW) 1 100 200 ≥ 300 DNI bin (kWh/m2/year) Year Source: IRENA Renewable Cost Database. Note: Only projects in the database with information available for all the variables displayed are shown. Data can therefore diverge from the global dataset. 125 Capacity factorPDF Image | RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION COSTS IN 2019
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