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List of Tables Table 1 Total EV Sales in the US (2011-2018) ..................................................................................................4 Table 2: Annual Sales and Market Share Projections of EVs in the US.............................................................6 Table 3: Preliminary Estimate of EV Batteries Reaching EOL in the US (2019 -2030) ......................................8 Table 4 Battery Electric Bus (BEB) Purchases in the US.................................................................................10 Table 5 Evolution of Lithium Battery Chemistries (2015-2030).....................................................................15 Table 6 Evolution of Cobalt Content in Lithium Batteries (2015 – 2030) .....................................................15 Table 7 Examples of EV Batteries in Reuse Applications ...............................................................................21 Table 8 Partial List of SNT Clients (April, 2019)..............................................................................................32 Table 9 EV Battery Reuse Cost Estimates (Circular Energy Storage, 2019) ...................................................39 Table 10 Lifespans Reported for EV Batteries in Reuse Applications ............................................................40 Table 11 North American EV Battery Recycling Capacities in 2016...............................................................49 Table 12 European EV Battery Recycling Facility Capacities in 2016.............................................................49 Table 13 Asian EV Battery Recycling Facility Capacities in 2016....................................................................50 Table 14 Retriev Battery Recycling Services, 2019 ........................................................................................51 Table 15 American Manganese Assessment of Competitors in the EV Battery Recycling Business .............67 Table 16 American Manganese Cost Scenarios for 1,200 Ton per Year Plant with Different Feedstocks (Li- ion Battery and Production Scrap) ($US millions) ..........................................................................................79 Table 17 Value of Metals in EV Batteries by Chemistry.................................................................................80 Table 18 Comparison of GHG Emissions from Different Recycling Processes for Li-ion Batteries..............103 Table 19 Estimated Comparative Costs and Revenues for Reusing and Recycling EV Batteries ($) ...........105 Table 20 Descriptions of Various Li-ion EV Battery Chemistries..................................................................167 Table 21 Elemental and Material Concentrations in Different Types of Li-ion Batteries as Reported from Multiple Studies............................................................................................................................................170 Table 22 Type and Weight of Batteries Used in the Top 10 HEVs Sold in the US (as of May, 2019)...........178 Table 23 Types and Weights of Batteries Used in Top PHEVs Sold in the US (as of May, 2019).................179 Table 24 Types and Weights of Batteries Used in Top BEVs Sold in the US (as of May, 2019) ...................180 Table 25 Ranges Reported for Selected PHEVs in the US, February, 2019 (miles)......................................187 Table 26 Ranges Reported for Selected BEVs in the US, February, 2019 (miles) ........................................188 Table 27 Announced Investments by Selected Major Automakers in Electric Vehicles, Battery Technology and/or Battery Manufacturing Plants, February, 2019 ($US billion)............................................................194 Table 28 Estimated Recycling Costs for LFP and NMC523 Batteries from EVs............................................202 Table 29 Recycling Commodity Value and Recycling Rate Assumed for Financial Analysis of Recycling LFP and NMC523 Batteries from EVs ..................................................................................................................203 KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 7PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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