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The table shows that over 280,000 EV batteries are expected to reach EOL in the US in 2019. Most of these will be NiMH batteries from HEVs sold eight to 10 years prior to 2019, and some will be li-ion batteries sold in early PHEVs or BEVs. By 2025 an estimated 526,000 EV batteries are estimated to reach EOL. Less than 200,000 of these will be NiMH batteries from HEVs. T h e r e m a i n i n g 340,000 will be li-ion batteries from PHEVs and BEVs and some from HEVs. Over 1 million EV batteries are expected to reach EOL by 2030. The Kelleher model has assumed that HEV sales remain constant at about 320,000 units/year after 2019, therefore a constant number of NiMH batteries would continue to reach EOL annually from 2028 on. Figure 3: Estimated EV Batteries at End-of-Life in the US 2019 to 2030 3.4 Batteries from Electric Buses in the US There were an estimated 300 battery electric buses (BEBs) in operation in the US at the end of 2017, representing less than 0.5% of the 65,000 buses in public transit agencies’ fleets. To date, most city transit agencies in the US have purchased BEBs in small numbers, to test them for reliability and compare them to traditional buses. The American Public Transportation Association (APTA), representing all of the major public transit agencies in the country, has stated that the economics of BEBs are shifting, although the price point for individual buses remains a barrier to overtaking diesel or other fuel systems. Cities pledging to shift their entire fleets to BEBs by specific dates in the future include Los Angeles County (by 2030), Seattle (King County, by 2040), San Francisco (by 2035), and New KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 9 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 Estimated NiMH Batteries at EOL Estimated Li-Ion Batteries at EOL Estimated Total EV Batteries at EOL 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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