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in Sections 4 and 5. Other EV batteries are scattered throughout the country. Anecdotally, those interviewed for this study comment that most scrap yards have a few hybrid batteries being stored at their facilities (which have large areas of storage space) until a solution is found. In some cases, brokers will take the batteries from the scrap yards and auto recyclers. It is not known for certain where these batteries go after this occurs, although it is assumed that viable cells or batteries are sold into reuse applications. Based on our interviews for this study, small numbers of EOL EV batteries have been received by recyclers to date. A concern about possible illegal dumping as the numbers get larger in the next few years prompted California officials to run a workshop on the issue in April, 2018 (discussed in more details in Sections 4 and 5), and a paper is being written by staff to address the issue. The target date for release of the paper is Q4, 2019. Figure 4 End-of-Life Options for EV Batteries 3.6 Collection of EV Batteries For EV battery reuse or recycling to be efficient, an established collection infrastructure to consolidate batteries in a number of locations from which they can be transported to reuse companies or recyclers is needed. This collection infrastructure does not currently exist in the US or Canada, and EV batteries are scattered in small numbers in locations throughout the two countries. While the numbers are modest to date, the total number of EOL EV batteries is projected to reach over 525,000 by 2025 and over 1 million by 2030. At these levels some form of collection system will be needed to bring EOL EV batteries to central locations where they can either be reused or recycled. KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 12PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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