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4 EV Battery Reuse 4.1 EV Battery Reuse Terminology Many different terms are used to indicate that an EV battery is directed to a second-life application after it is no longer suitable for an EV. These include: • Reconditioning, which generally refers to replacing dead cells or packs in order to reuse the assembly as an EV battery; • Refurbishing, which basically means the same thing as reconditioning; • Repurposing in other applications (e.g., energy storage), where some cells and packs are replaced but the battery is directed to a stationary application; • Reusing, where the battery is torn down to the pack or cell level, with the individual cells re- deployed to a wide variety of applications which use battery cells. 4.2 EV Battery Reuse Examples Reuse applications for end of life EV batteries include both stationary and mobile options, and vary from applications which split the used EV into its constituent parts down to the cell or pack level, or whether the unit is maintained intact with low performing cells removed and replaced with new or reconditioned cells. Table 7 provides some examples of second life applications (reuse) for EV batteries initiated by either vehicle or battery OEMs, sometimes in partnership with utilities or other companies. Figure 10 shows an example of a forklift powered by reused EV batteries. KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 20PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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