PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 067
rated capacity of approximately 7,000 tonnes/year.127 In email correspondence during study research, Umicore representatives confirmed that 7,000 metric tonnes is the rated capacity on a yearly basis for processing li-ion and NiMH battery materials which include consumer battery material, automotive battery material, storage battery material and battery manufacturing scrap. Umicore does not comment on the actual throughput but can confirm that the majority of the material processed today is consumer type batteries and battery manufacturing scrap. The Hoboken smelting facility is an industrial prototype for Umicore to test out the technology. Umicore is committed to serve the end of life battery material industry as they supply cathode materials directly to battery manufacturers. When the flow of end of life batteries coming from the automotive applications reaches a critical quantity, Umicore will invest in larger facilities that would have capacities of 70,000 metric tonnes yearly in three regions: North America, Europe and Asia128. Umicore uses a combination of pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy to recover rare earth elements, cobalt, nickel, and copper from spent EV batteries. Umicore has four drop- off points for EV batteries in North America and a consolidation facility for EV batteries in Raleigh, North Carolina which accepts both NiMH and li-ion batteries from EVs of all types including buses and e- bikes.129 Dismantling of EV batteries is carried out manually in Umicore’s Hanau, Germany facility, to remove metals which can easily be recycled locally (steel casings and copper wiring). After pre- treatment and dismantling (to the module or cell level), battery packs and/or battery cells (depending on size) are consolidated for shipment to the Umicore facility in Hoboken, Belgium where they are processed in the Umicore smelter (which is a patented high-temperature design). Outputs from the smelter’s pyrometallurgical process include: • Slags, which include aluminum, manganese, lithium and rare earth metals; and • Alloys, which contain cobalt, nickel, copper and ferrous metal. Some slags are used in construction projects. Slag from li-ion batteries can be integrated in standard lithium recovery flowsheets, and slag from NiMH batteries can be processed to recover rare earth elements concentrate that is further refined through a cooperation with Solvay. Alloys (specifically designed for Umicore’s downstream hydrometallurgical process) are sent for alloy refining in Olen, Belgium and from there are sold to battery manufacturers to make active cathode materials for new rechargeable batteries.130 The smelter includes specially designed gas treatment (a confidential Umicore design) to ensure full dust removal and no formation of volatile organic compounds. Lithium is not currently recovered from the slag, as it does not make economic sense to do so. Should the price of lithium increase in the future, Umicore would evaluate additional processes to recover 127 Umicore presentation, March 2019, NAATBatt International Annual Meeting & Conference, Arizona, https://naatbatt.org/wp- content/uploads/2019/03/R1_MUP_Umicore.pdf. and confirmed through communication with Mark Caffaray of Umicore by email August, 2019 128 E-mail correspondence with Mark Caffarey, President of Umicore USA, August, 2019 129 Umicore. “E-mobility.”PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
PDF Search Title:
Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric VehiclesOriginal File Name Searched:
EV-Battery-Reuse-Recycling-18Dec2019.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)