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In North America, recycling costs have been quoted at 1-4 cents/lb162, with credits given for the value of recovered metals. The higher end of the range was for a LFP battery where the recovered materials have no value. These costs are a shock to traditional car battery recyclers who deal with lead-acid batteries used for SLI (starting, lighting, ignition), and who are used to being paid 30-60 cents/lb or $15 to $30/unit because of the high value of the lead. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) estimated recycling costs for li-ion batteries at $4,000 to $5,000/tonne.163 ANL has a recycling cost model c a l l e d Everbatt164, similar to the reuse cost model discussed in Section 4. EverBatt is an Excel-based model that evaluates cost and environmental impacts for the various life cycle stages of a li-ion battery. It can be used to compare impacts of virgin batteries to those with recycled content, to compare processes, and to identify sensitivities to various parameters. The model could not download during this study. It was suggested by Responsible Battery Coalition (RBC) that work is underway on the model and it is not public at this time. Life cycle research that has provided inputs to the model has recently been published.165 RBC is working with ANL staff to identify and fill in the gaps in the current data, then run assessments on several next generation chemistries and synthesize the results with the RBC Green Principles developed by RBC.166 5.4.2 ElementEnergyCostAnalysis A report was prepared by Element Energy for an industry consortium including Renault to understand obligations under the EU Batteries Directive (described in Section 7) and identify how EV battery reuse and recycling could help address obligations. The report addressed the potential role of EV batteries in the EU power system. Figure 34 from the Element Energy report illustrates the various components of EV battery recycling costs (without specific values). 161Gardiner, J. August 10, 2017. “The rise of electric cars could leave us with a big battery waste problem”PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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