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The analysis carried out by Element Energy estimated that recycling fees will decrease from about $1,700-$2,000/tonne today to around $480/tonne in 2030. The range of future recycling costs under various scenarios are presented in Figure 36. The analysis projected that the cost of reused EV batteries would reach about $40/kWh in 2030, compared to the purchase price of $62/kWh for new EV batteries, and recommended reuse as a cost reduction strategy for obligated EU companies. While the study was carried out in a European context, the fees are worth noting as there is no equivalent data or analysis available for North America at this time. Figure 36 Potential Range of EV Battery Recycling Costs169 5.5 Technical Challenges with EV Battery Recycling As the EV battery (li-ion, specifically) recycling infrastructure continues to evolve, some of the challenges faced by auto shops, intermediate parties, smaller recyclers, and even larger battery recyclers, include: • Difficulty in identifying battery chemistry; • Difficulty in estimating battery SoH and remaining battery lifespan;170 • Uncertainty regarding safe dismantling; • Lack of automated battery dismantling process (unlike lead-acid batteries); • Lack of knowledge on how electronics work in the battery cells in non-specialized shops; and • Uncertainty regarding aftermarket values for the metals recovered, particularly as battery chemistriesarechangingovertime. While the market for EV battery recycling has significant potential, it is constrained by several technical barriers, each of which is described below. It is worth noting that some of these are similar to those facing the battery reuse market, discussed previously in Section 4. 168 Element Energy. 2019. “Batteries on wheels: the role of battery electric cars in the EU power system and beyond.”PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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