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uses kWh. One of the key strategic issues regarding EV battery recycling is that it provides companies such as Tesla with a supply of strategic materials, particularly cobalt. For this reason, Tesla favours recycling over reuse and is in the process of establishing an EV battery recycling facility at one of their locations. On the other hand, large companies with the capital available to invest are reluctant to invest in large scale recycling at this time until there is more certainty regarding future battery chemistries and an assured supply of material through an established collection infrastructure. Given the significant interest in cathode material specifically, a case could be made for two sets of future market players – dismantlers and low-grade scrap recovery with the valuable cathodes sold to a more sophisticated direct cathode recycler. The conclusion of the analysis in Table 19 is that EV battery reuse is a much more economically attractive option for EV battery owners for the foreseeable future compared to EV battery recycling. As the supply of EV batteries increases, and more standards are imposed on the reuse industry, the cost structure may change. An updating of EV reuse costs is identified as a research gap in Section 9. Based on the research carried out for this study, it is considered more likely that EV batteries will be directed to reuse prior to recycling (where reuse options are available), as the economics of reuse will continue to be more favourable for the foreseeable future. We see no evidence that recycling will be carried out at a positive value at the EV battery level in the next five years, as the technologies that promise to achieve this have not yet been proven at commercial scale (see Section 5), and reuse is proven to result in a positive cash flow. KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 106PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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