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The Center will be led by ANL along with the NREL, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and several universities including Worcester Polytechnic Institute, University of California at San Diego and Michigan Technological University. 224Key research and development goals for the ReCell Center are to: 1. Establish a national DOE advanced and li-ion battery recycling R&D center to accelerate recycling research of current and future battery chemistries to drive cost-effective recycling and new battery designs. 2. Create new electrode and cell designs, enabling cell rejuvenation and more effective material recovery during recycling. 3. Develop new processes to enable cathode-to-cathode recycling of cathode powders using temperatures below 900° Celsius. 4. Develop new processes to recover battery materials that are currently not recovered and end up in the waste stream. 5. Assess the economic value and impacts on the recycling stream of EOL options, in hopes of decreasing the cost and incentivizing sale of EVs.225 ReCell researchers will focus on four specific research areas to further their goals, and to enable profitable li-ion battery recycling for industry adoption: 1. Direct cathode recycling – for recycling processes to generate materials used directly in new batteries, without costly reprocessing (closed-loop applications); 2. Cost-effective technologies – to recycle other battery materials, providing additional revenue streams; 3. Design for recycling – new battery design initiatives to ease future battery recycling; and 4. Modelling and analysis tools – to help direct efficient research and development work and for validation of research.226 Research teams are investigating cobalt-free batteries for EVs. While this has the advantage of reducing dependence on the unstable but primary source of cobalt from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a disadvantage is that it could eventually undermine current models for EV battery recycling as the economic driver is in cobalt recovery at present. As well, during the start-up phase, the ReCell Center is exploring the question of ‘what should the long-term research be to avoid conflicts coming into 224 Energy Department Announces Battery Recycling Prize and Battery Recycling R&D Center, January 17, 2019, www.energy.gov/articles/energy- department-announces-battery-recycling-prize-and-battery-recycling-rd-center, and www.washingtonpost.com/national/energy- environment/correction-lithium-ion-batteries-recycling-story/2019/02/16/658af708-31fd-11e9- 8781- 763619f12cb4_story.html?utm_term=.5d8960446c33 225 http://recellcenter.org/about/ 226https://waste-management-world.com/a/doe-launches-uss-first-lithium-ion-battery-recycling-rd-center KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 108PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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