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the market for long-term for battery recycling.’227 7.1.2 USAdvancedBatteryConsortium The US Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC)228 is a collaborative organization between Fiat-Chrysler, Ford Motor Company and General Motors229. This initiative is a subsidiary of the United States Council for Automotive Research LLC (USCAR), enabled by a cooperative agreement with the US DOE. The USABC’s mission is to develop electrochemical energy storage technologies that support commercialization of HEV, PHEV, BEV and fuel cell vehicles. In support of its mission, USABC has developed mid- and long-term goals to guide its projects and measure its progress.230 In November, 2018, a materials engineering research team at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) was awarded a grant to extend development of its process to recycle spent li-ion batteries and produce new cathode materials that are increasingly being adopted by automotive battery makers to reduce cost and increase energy density.231 Building on a successful phase 1 (completed earlier in 2018), the contract award, which includes a 50% cost share, funds a 24-month phase 2 project. This contract will enable WPI to demonstrate the ability of its process to recycle spent Li-ion batteries and produce new cathode materials to generate a higher nickel cathode powder. This material is of increasing relevance in the current market shift towards higher nickel content in EV batteries. The WPI team, led by Yan Wang, William Smith Foundation Dean's Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, has developed a patented closed-loop recycling process in which the batteries are first shredded. After the shredded materials are separated, the cathode powders are dissolved. By adjusting the chemistry of the solution, new materials, in the desired ratios, can be precipitated out as precursor and used to make cathode material for new batteries. Other materials recovered from the shredded batteries, including steel, graphite, and plastics, can also be recycled, thus improving the overall business model. As part of the phase 1 USABC project, Wang took the process developed in his lab and proved that it can be scaled up to produce cathode materials that are equal in quality to those available commercially, and that those recovered materials can be used to make new EV batteries that are comparable to units sold by OEMs for use in HEVs and BEVs. 227 Maggie Mann, Transportation Infrastructure Team Lead, Nat’l Renewable Energy Laboratory, PV and Battery Recycling Research at DOE National Labs, presented at “From Cradle to Grave: Addressing EOL Management for PV Panels and Batteries for Electric Vehicles and Energy Storage,” April 3, 2019, CA Public Utilities Commission Auditorium. 228 United States Council for Automotive Research LLC. “U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium LLC.”PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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