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Table 21 Elemental and Material Concentrations in Different Types of Li-ion Batteries as Reported from Multiple Studies308 Research Group Nickel Binder Complete Battery, cathode (Gaines et al., 2011) 0.0 12.1 Conc. (mass %) 3.8 Complete Battery, LiMn2O4 cathode (Gaines et al., 2011) 0.0 3.7 Complete Battery, (Richa, 2016) 14.84 1.39 Complete Battery, LiCoO2 cathode (Wang et al., 1.2 2.4 Complete Battery, LiFePO4 cathode (Wang et al., 2016) Metals Aluminum Conc. (mass %) 21.9 Conc. (mass %) 21.7 Conc. (mass %) 22.72 Conc. (mass %) 5.2 Conc. (mass %) 6.5 Cobalt Copper 2.3 13.3 0.0 13.5 8.45 16.6 17.3 7.3 0 8.2 Iron/Steel Lithium 0.1 1.9 0.1 1.4 8.79 1.28 16.5 2.0 43.2 1.2 Manganese 10.7 5.86 0 0 0 Other Conc. (mass %) Conc. (mass %) Conc. (mass %) Conc. (mass %) 0.9 Carbon (non- graphite) Electrolyte + solvent 2.4 2.3 3.47 6.0 2.3 Fluoride Graphite Oxygen - 1.2 8.3 - - - - - Thermal Insulation 1.2 - - - - Phosphorous Plastics - 4.2 - 4.5 0 4.8 5.4 4.4 - means not reported or analyzed 308 Winslow, K.M., Laux, S.J., & T.G. Townsend. (2018). “A review on the growing concern and potential management strategies of waste lithium-ion batteries.” Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 129, 263-277.PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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