PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 184
Appendix F: Supply Chain for Materials in EV Batteries A li-ion cell is part of a long supply-chain that includes all major materials needed to form a battery pack. A simple schematic of this supply chain is presented in Figure 62. Figure 62 Li-ion Battery Supply Chain329 There are five key materials used in most EV batteries: cobalt, nickel, aluminum oxides, lithium, and graphite. The discussion will focus on cobalt and nickel due to their economic importance, which providesasignificantincentiveforrecycling. In the EV sector, cobalt is used in both NMC and NCA batteries. As a minor metal, cobalt is almost always produced as a by-product of copper and nickel production.330 Currently, the most prominent deposit is in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where 51% of global cobalt production is mined through the copper-mining industry.331 China, Canada, Russia, and Australia each supply about 5% of the global cobalt demand, while the remaining share is fragmented 329 Dougher, C. 23 April 2018. “Breaking Down the Lithium-Ion Cell Manufacturing Supply Chain in the U.S. to Identify Key Barriers to Growth.”PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
PDF Search Title:
Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric VehiclesOriginal File Name Searched:
EV-Battery-Reuse-Recycling-18Dec2019.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)