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Energies 2020, 13, 2259 18 of 24 For the three organic working fluids (cyclohexane, toluene, and acetone), the results of the assessment of the environmental impact of the system are presented in Figure 10, where the material of the components is the steel and copper. The components with the greatest environmental impacts are the main turbine (T1) and the secondary turbine T2 of the Brayton S-CO2 cycle, with values of 226,893 mPts and 321,518 mPts, respectively, when steel is selected as the material. With this, the T1 and T2 turbines obtain, respectively, percentage values of 18.19% and 25.78% (cyclohexane), 20.54% and 29.10% (toluene), 20.36% and 28.85% (acetone). In the ORC, the ITC1 is the component with the greatest environmental impact, with percentage values of 10.67% (cyclohexane), 12.05% (toluene), and 11.94% (acetone) concerning the environmental impacts of all components. When the material is copper, there is a decrease in the percentage values of the T1 and T2 turbines due to the increase in environmental impacts in the ITC1, which obtains values of 11.45% (cyclohexane), 12.85% (toluene) and 12.94% (acetone). Figure 10. Environmental impact of each equipment with respect to the organic fluids and materials. In general, the environmental impacts of each equipment when steel is selected as material steel are lower than those of the components with copper because in the methodology applied the Eco99 coefficient is higher than that of steel. Therefore, considering sustainability criteria complementary to the energy and exergetic aspects studied, the organic working fluid and material in which the greatest exergetic opportunities for improvement are found can be selected to obtain the least environmental impact. Regarding the environmental impacts of working fluids and thermal oil, the results are presented in Figure 11 where the thermal oil has a very large environmental impact on the organic fluids, representing 83% of the environmental impacts compared to cyclohexane (4%), toluene (4%), and acetone (9%), respectively. Among the organic fluids, because it has a higher Eco99 coefficient, acetone has greater environmental impacts than cyclohexane and toluene, and the suggested material is the steel, which is a result close to that reported in the literature for the case of the ORC as heat recovery [37]. Therefore, with the ORC being built with this material and operating with this fluid, it can be widely used for heat recovery from natural gas generation engines [38]. The results show that the greatest differences in LCA are obtained in the environmental impacts in the construction phase, where acetone presents better results for this system, which coincides with the results obtained from the analysis of the energy and exergetic indicators.PDF Image | S-CO2 Brayton Cycle Coupled with ORC as Bottoming Cycle
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