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Processes 2020, 8, 1461 8 of 18 based bottoming cycle for marine engine. It was found that under the optimal operating conditions, the enhancement of the power output by the proposed system is nearly 18% and provide cooling of 892 TR having the COP (coefficient of performance) of 2.75. Liang et al. [61] proposed the s-CO2/ORC combined cycle for waste heat recovery of the ICE, which increased the net output power of the overall system by 6.78%. Feng et al. [62] proposed to adopt s-CO2/Kalina combined cycle to recover waste heat of marine engines. The influence of inlet temperature and pressure of the compressor and turbine on the combined cycle performance has been investigated. Multi-objective optimization was conducted to optimize the thermal-economic performance of the system, and the annual fuel consumption of the engine was reduced by 16.62%. Liang et al. [63] investigatedan engine waste heat powered thermal-power cogeneration system whichcombined thes-CO2 power cycle with a transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle. This configuration was used to replace the conventional absorption cooling cycle. The results indicated that the proposed configurationreduce the size and weight of the system and is therefore proper on-board application. Pan et al. [64] proposed a cogeneration cycle which combined the s-CO2 power cycle and ejector expansion refrigeration cycleas the bottoming cycle to recovery the waste heat from ICE. Working fluid in both sub-cycles is CO2-based zeotropic mixture. The effects of the important operating parameters on system performance wereinvestigated. Zhang et al. [65] developed a novel s-CO2 power cycle based on recompression cycle configuration to recover the waste heat from ICE. The influence of main operation parameters have beencomprehensively studied and a genetic algorithm was used to maximize the system net output power. The results indicated that for the intermediate pressure the maximum system net output power can reach to 39.49 kW. Song et al. [66] proposed a two-stage bottoming cycle for ICE waste-heat recovery. Thes-CO2 cycle was coupled with an ORC to further recover the heat rejected from the s-CO2 cycle. The proposedcycle can contribute a maximum net power output of 215 kW, which accounts for ca. 18% of rated power of ICE. 4.3. Gas Turbine Besides the ICE, there are several studies that proposed to use the CO2 power cycles for recovery waste heat from exhaust of gas turbines. Walnum et al. [67] conducted thermodynamic analyses on the applications of regenerative and two-stage CO2 cycles for the recovery of waste heat from flue gas of offshore oil- and gas platforms. The operation performance of bottoming cycles under partial load conditions of the gas turbine was studied. The results showed that single-stage cycles could increase the total net output power and the overall system efficiency of the oil- and gas platform by about 27.6%, and 10.6%, respectively, while the improvement of the double-stage cycle was more significant. Moroz et al. [68] compared the thermodynamic performance of various combined s-CO2 cycles for recovery the waste heat from a 53 MW gas turbine. The results indicated that the simplest cascade cycle provided a power output of 16.13 MW, while value of the cycle with most complicated configuration is 17.05 MW, which represented 32% from the power output of topping cycle. The output power bythe single regenerative s-CO2 bottoming cycle or a recompression s-CO2 bottoming cycle is 12.94 MW, and 11.85 MW, respectively. Cho et al. [69] investigated cascade systems which consist of a recompression (or pre-compression) cycles and a partial heating cycle for recovering waste heat from a 288 MW gas turbine. The minimum cycle pressure and temperature, and isentropic efficiency of compressor and turbines have been discussed. They found that the cascade systems are uncompetitive due to their complex configuration and lower power output. Huck et al. [70] carried out a thermodynamic performance comparison of different dual flow splitting s-CO2 bottoming cycles and steam bottoming cycles to recovery the waste heat from heavy-duty and aero-derivative gas turbine combined cycles. The waste heat recovery efficiency and thermal efficiency were calculated in detail. It was found that the efficiency improvement of s-CO2 bottoming cycle was not significant when the system operated under more realistic assumptions. Wright et al. [71] compared three typical configurations of s-CO2 cycles for recovering waste heat from a 25 MW gas turbine. The results showed that the total heat recovery efficiencies of the considered s-CO2 cycles, ranged from 20.3% to 21.2%, which were 4% higher than the concerned baseline cycle. This was due to the higher recovery of waste heat offsetPDF Image | s-CO2) Power Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery
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