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Figure 4. Thermodynamic efficiency of the ORC: comparison of the isentropic and nonisentropic expansion. Figure 5 shows the internal efficiency of the expan- sion machine of the specific work function. The internal efficiency can be calculated from the enthalpy values of the working fluid before and after expansion. By compar- ing the enthalpy change during expansion in the real machine to the enthalpy change in the isentropic process (entropy during expansion does not change, S S ), the 34 internal efficiency can be obtained (eq 4). i3i4 (4) internal heat exchanger. The ORC with heat regeneration has a maximum thermodynamic efficiency of approxi- mately 9%. The internal heat exchanger slightly increases the efficiency and rationalizes the condenser operation. The ORC system presented here can cooperate with another small heat source with a power of 10 –20 kW and a maximum temperature of approximately 100 °C. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grant R06-019-02). REFERENCES 1. Schuster, A.; Karellas, S.; Kakaras, E.; Spliethoff, H. Energetic and Economic Investigation of Organic Rankine Cycle Applications; Appl. Thermal Engineer. 2009, 29, 1809-1817. 2. Obernberger, I.; Thonhofer, P.; Reisenhofer, E. Description and Eval- uation of the New 1000 kWel Organic Rankine Cycle Process Inte- grated in the Biomass CHP Plant in Lienz, Austria; Euroheat & Power 2002, 10 1-17. 3. Drescher, U.; Bru ̈ggermann, D. Fluid Selection for the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) in Biomass Power and Heat Plants; Appl. Thermal Engineer. 2007, 27, 223-228. 4. Hettiarachchi, M.; Golubovic, M.; Worek, W.; Ikegami, Y. Optimum Design Criteria for an Organic Rankine Cycle Using Low-Temperature Geothermal Heat Sources; Energy 2007, 32, 1698-1706. 5. Kanoglu, M.; Bolatturk, A. Performance and Parametric Investigation of a Binary Geothermal Power Plant by Exergy; Renew. Energy 2008, 33, 2366-2374. 6. Fiorini, P.; Sciubba, E. Modular Simulation and Thermodynamic Anal- ysis of a Multi-Effect Distillation Desalination Plant; Energy 2007, 32, 459-466. 7. Garcia-Rodriguez, L.; Blanco-Galvez, J. Solar-Heated Ranking Cycles for Water and Electricity Production: POWERSOL Project; Desalination 2007, 212, 311-318. 8. Garcia-Rodriguez, L.; Delgado-Torres, A.M. Solar-Powered Cycles for Fresh Water Production; Desalination 2007, 212, 319-327. 9. Liu, B.T.; Chien, K.H.; Wang, C.C. Effect of Working Fluids on Organic Rankine Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery; Energy 2004, 29, 1207-1217. 10. Hung, T.C. Waste Heat Recovery of Organic Rankine Cycle Using Dry Fluids; Energy Convers. Manage. 2001, 42, 539-553. 11. Hung, T.C.; Shai, T.Y.; Wang, S.K. A Review of Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs) for the Recovery of Low-Grade Waste Heat; Energy 1997, 22, 661-667. 12. Wei, D.; Lu, X.; Lu, Z.; Gu, J. Performance Analysis and Optimization of Organic Ranking Cycle (ORC) for Waste Heat Recovery; Energy Convers. Manage. 2007, 48, 1113-1119. 13. Dai, Y.; Wang, J.; Gao, L. Parametric Optimization and Comparative Study of Rankine Cycle (ORC) for Low Grade Waste Heat Recovery; Energy Convers. Manage. 2009, 50, 576-582. 14. High Efficiency Rankine for Renewable Energy and Heat Recovery; available at http://www.turboden.it/orc.asp (accessed 2010). 15. Badr, O.; Probert, S.D. Performances of Multi-Vane Expanders; Appl. Energy 1985, 20, 207-234. About the Authors Anna Bryszewska-Mazurek and Wojciech Mazurek are assistant professors at the Wroclaw University of Tech- nology Institute of Air Conditioning and District Heating. Wojciech Mazurek also works for the Electrotechnical Institute in Wroclaw, Poland. Tymoteusz S ́ wieboda is a scientist for the Electrotechnical Institute. Please ad- dress correspondence to: Anna Bryszewska-Mazurek, Wroclaw University of Technology, W7/I33, Wyb. Wyspi- an ́skiego 27, Wroclaw, Poland 50-370; phone: 48 713203532; fax 48 713203532; e-mail: anna.bryszewska- mazurek@pwr.wroc.pl. C - R i3 i4Ssidem The specific work can be calculated as the enthalpy change during the real expansion (eq 5). Enthalpy values were found from the thermodynamic tables of R245fa, which are based on the measured temperatures and pres- sures of the working fluid during the experiments. Lt i3 i4 (5) The maximum internal efficiency was approximately 80% and depended on the machine’s duty. Using the expander with a larger power output allows for acquiring higher internal efficiencies when the system works with the max- imum temperature difference (when the temperature of the working fluid is maximal). CONCLUSIONS The solar-powered ORC system working with R245fa was investigated experimentally. The thermodynamic effi- ciency was compared for the cycle with and without an Figure 5. The internal efficiency of the expansion machine of the specific work function.PDF Image | Solar-Powered Organic Rankine Cycle Engine Performance
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