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Solar thermal organic Rankine cycle (ORC)

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Solar thermal organic Rankine cycle (ORC) ( solar-thermal-organic-rankine-cycle-orc )

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Solar thermal organic Rankine cycle (ORC) Ing. Patrick Schwarzbauer Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences, Campus Wels ABSTRACT Motivation: Using renewable sources of energy for generating electricity has become increasingly popular. Due to the effects of global warming and the climate change in general, people are more thoughtful with their decisions what kind of energy source they use for heating, electricity or even how their car is driven by. This work should demonstrate that renewable sources of energy, like solar power, are competitive in comparison to non- renewable sources, like oil or gas. Solar thermal energy generation using an Organic Rankine Cycle has applications where domestic hot water may be needed at the same time as power generation. Results: Based on the thermodynamic calculation the overall system efficiency is 7,361 %. The heat capacity of the plate heat exchanger (evaporator) is 13891 Watt, while the net power output of the turbine is 1022 Watt. Contact: Patrick.Schwarzbauer@students.fh-wels.at 1 INTRODUCTION This thesis extends a 2015 senior design project of the University of Portland. The system is located on the green- roof of the Shiley School of Engineering. Main components include a flat plate thermal collector, an evacuated tube collector, and a converted turbine are already available and partly mounted. The former senior design team had some troubles with leakages in the water and the refrigerant cycle. The primary goal of this Bachelor thesis is to design a state of the art system to connect the piping in the refrigerant cycle to the hot water from the solar thermal collector. The piping and fittings should be pressure resistant, flexible in mounting and dismantling and as cheap as possible. A solar thermal organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a thermodynamic process where a fluid is evaporated at a low temperature level by using solar energy. The superheated gas will drive a turbine and an electric generator to produce electricity by using heat energy. The pressure of the gas will decrease while passing the turbine. Afterwards the fluid goes into a heat exchanger where it`s condensed, and then returns to the pump. “Compared with the steam Rankine cycle, the ORC is capable to realize more efficient expander at low power and show better thermodynamic performance at low temperature [1, page vii].” With solar thermal power generation, it is possible to meet the residential demand on heat and power. To increase the efficiency of an ORC process it is important to choose the optimal working fluid, which is way more difficult that it sounds in the first place. The working fluid should match the thermophysical properties of the application as well as the chemical stability at the operating temperature. Typical working fluids are refrigerants (e.g. R123, R134a, R245fa) and hydrocarbons. Concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies such as parabolic through, linear Fresnel reflector, heliostat tower and dish/engine systems are often used as solar collectors for higher temperature solar thermal systems [1, page 11]. The main focus of this project is the heat exchanger which evaporates the refrigerant. The technical plausibility of using a microchannel heat exchanger should be studied and evaluated. Schematics of the system, thermodynamic models (EES) and a working prototype should be provided at the end of this project. 2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS As mentioned in the introduction a solar thermal organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a thermodynamic process where a fluid is evaporated at low temperature. For better understanding of the system and the theoretical background behind, it is necessary to design a schematic drawing. Figure 1 represents the schematic drawing of the system which is mounted on the green roof of the Shiley School of Engineering. Figure 1. Schematic drawing ORC cycle and solar thermal collector. -1-

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