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Ing. Patrick Schwarzbauer Solar thermal organic Rankine cycle (ORC) The system consists of two cycles, the ORC cycle and the solar cycle. The refrigerant cycle is shown in the lower part of the schematic, see Figure 1. The upper part of the schematic drawing represents the solar water cycle. To keep the system as simple as possible, former senior design teams decided to keep the solar cycle open to ambient pressure and used water as the working fluid. The main components of the ORC cycle are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. The joining of the two systems using two different working fluids occurs at the heat exchanger labeled as Qe in Figure 1. The efficiency of this heat exchanger will determine the extent to which the ORC and solar thermal system are cost-effective at this small scale in the future. Figure 2. Symbols for solar water cycle. Figure 3. Symbols for refrigerant cycle. 2.1 Thermodynamic cycle Organic Rankine cycles are comparable to a steam Clausius-Rankine cycle. The main difference between both cycles is the type of fluid operating in the system. Water is typically used in a Clausius-Rankine cycle. Due to better thermodynamic performance at low temperature, refrigerants are used in organic Rankine cycles. 2.1.1 Clausius-Rankine cycle The Clausius-Rankine cycle is a thermodynamic cycle which is named after the German physicist Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius and the Scottish engineer William John Macquorn Rankine. By using components like pumps, turbines, and heat exchangers it is possible to realize such a thermodynamic cycle. Even though it is not possible to reach the efficiency of a Carnot cycle, which is not explained in this thesis, the Clausius-Rankine cycle is a very important technical achievement. It describes the thermodynamic process which occurs in steam power plants. For better technical understanding of the cycle itself it is helpful to create a schematic drawing, therefore see Figure 4. The thermodynamic cycle can be shown in several ways, see Figure 5 and Figure 6. While Figure 5 represents a temperature-entropy diagram (T-s diagram), Figure 6 shows an enthalpy-entropy diagram (h-s diagram). Sometimes it is useful to use p-v diagrams. This typical diagram plots the change in pressure p with respect -2-PDF Image | Solar thermal organic Rankine cycle (ORC)
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