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Ing. Patrick Schwarzbauer Solar thermal organic Rankine cycle (ORC) Inlet temperature of solar collectors (water) 30,5 °C Inlet temperature of the evaporator (R134a) 25 °C Outlet temperature of the evaporator (R134a) 65 °C Inlet temperature of the condenser (R134a) 30 °C Inlet temperature of the condenser (R134a) 30 °C Inlet temperature of the condenser (water) 20 °C Outlet temperature of the condenser (water) 6,07 °C solenoid valve are implemented to prevent the solenoid valve for damage. The ball valves are in case for maintaining the system. The control panel should be able to convert the incoming data from the pressure transmitter and generate an output signal to the solenoid valve. The efficiency of ORC systems in general is very low, approximately 15% system efficiency. Due to the fact that solar radiation is free, such systems definitely have future potential, especially for waste heat applications. The thermodynamic calculation of the system with EES reached an overall efficiency of 7,361 %. To increase the efficiency, it is necessary to install more solar collectors. The best orientation for the collectors should be analyzed, as well as the right angle. Piping and bigger tanks should be insulated to decrease heat losses. To prevent leakage of the ORC special pipe fittings and connections are needed (Swagelok). Another important aspect to consider is pipe- laying. The refrigerant carries small amounts of oil through the system. It is necessary to make sure the oil can return to the turbine to prevent bearing damage and a proper function of the turbine. The results of the thermodynamic calculation are shown in Table 10. The whole code is attached in Appendix B. As shown in Table 10 the heat capacities for the evaporator and the condenser are very high in comparison to the electric output of the turbine. These results demonstrate the complexity of renewable sources of energy in order to be economical arguable. The annuity of such systems is way longer than common systems to produce electricity. But as mentioned before, if waste heat is available such systems can support the existing system to decrease the operating costs. If several renewable sources are available the existing system, like gas turbines for example, can be displaced step by step. Another train of thought is to evaporate the refrigerant directly in the collectors. Therefore, no solar pump is needed and the system efficiency can be increased. Table 10. Results of the thermodynamic calculation with EES. Results of the solar Organic-Rankine system Description Mass flow rate refrigerant Mass flow rate of the solar cycle Heat capacity Evaporator Heat capacity Condenser Net power of the turbine Pump power System efficiency η 7,361 % V alue Unit 0,07008 kg/s 0,0063 kg/s 13891 W 12868 W 1022 W 59,83 W 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In this part of the research paper I would like to say thank you to all the people which were involved in this project. Special thanks to Dr. Heather Dillon. She is the supervisor of this project. Dr. Dillon is very competent in what she is doing and was always here for me when I had a question on the project. She also taught us how to code in Matlab. The software Matlab is very helpful in case of numerical analysis. Another special thank goes to the senior design team of 2017. Following team members were involved in the project: Ben Kallen, Christopher Hampel, Victoria Ericksen, Jonathan Simpson, and Christoph Oberhuber. Christoph Oberhuber is my roommate during the semester abroad and studies the same major as me back in Austria. I am glad that I can call him one of my best friends. During the stressful time, he was always supportive and helped me out every time I needed a friend. I would like to say thank you to the Marshall Plan Foundation, without the financial support of this institution it wouldn ́t be possible for me attend a semester abroad. Also, the University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria supported me with the knowledge I needed for this project as well as the language skills I learned during English classes back in Austria. DI Rudolf Kraft is the supervisor of this project in Austria, also thank you for the support and the proofreading of the research paper. Oultet temperature of solar collectors (water) 70 °C -15-PDF Image | Solar thermal organic Rankine cycle (ORC)
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