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Energies 2020, 13, 2447 3 of 18 Energies 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 18 2. Supercritical Brayton Cycle with CO2 (S-CO2) 2. Supercritical Brayton Cycle with CO2 (S-CO2) Cycles operating with carbon dioxide as a working fluid can be divided into two groups in terms Cycles operating with carbon dioxide as a working fluid can be divided into two groups in terms of the operating temperature level. The first group is high-temperature cycles, which are usually of the operating temperature level. The first group is high-temperature cycles, which are usually designed for a heat source temperature above 300 ◦C. The second group is low-temperature cycles, designed for a heat source temperature above 300 °C. The second group is low-temperature cycles, designed mainly for waste heat recovery, where the temperature of the heat source is below 300 ◦C. designed mainly for waste heat recovery, where the temperature of the heat source is below 300 °C. The low temperature systems operate in a transcritical cycle, in which the parameters of the working The low temperature systems operate in a transcritical cycle, in which the parameters of the working medium are below the critical point in a certain area of circulation. This type of cycle achieves lower medium are below the critical point in a certain area of circulation. This type of cycle achieves lower efficiency compared to high-temperature cycles, however, it can be profitable in cases when high heat efficiency compared to high-temperature cycles, however, it can be profitable in cases when high heat source parameters are not available but the available quantities of heat are significant. source parameters are not available but the available quantities of heat are significant. The technological scheme of the transcritical CO2 cycle is basically identical to the ORC. The cycle The technological scheme of the transcritical CO2 cycle is basically identical to the ORC. The consists of a turbine (expander), heat exchanger, recuperator (not necessary), a pump, and a condenser. cycle consists of a turbine (expander), heat exchanger, recuperator (not necessary), a pump, and a In the case of a high-temperature cycle, like S-CO2, a compressor and cooler are used in place of the condenser. In the case of a high-temperature cycle, like S-CO2, a compressor and cooler are used in pump and the condenser. A simple schematic of S-CO2 cycle is presented in Figure 1. place of the pump and the condenser. A simple schematic of S-CO2 cycle is presented in Figure 1. Fiigurree11..SchemattiicoffasiimpllesuperrccrriittiiccallBrrayttonccycclleewiitthCO2 (S-CO2) cycle. 22 The following processes take place as the medium flows through the successive parts of the system. The following processes take place as the medium flows through the successive parts of the system. • Stage 1 to 2 is a compression stage. Cooled CO2 is pressurized with a compressor. The process • iSstatrgeeat1etdoa2sisadaicaobmatpicrebsescioaunsetatghe. hCeoaotlelodssCeOs 2airsepnregssliugriibzled. wHiothwaevceorm, HpreeossJo, rY. Teht ealp. rioncethsseirs wtroerakte[d23a]ssahdoiwabeadtitchbatecfoaruscerthaeinhceoantdloitsisoenssaorfetnhegslyigsitbelme.’sHoopwereavteior,nHiteiosJw, Yoretht aclo.ninsitdheerirnwg othrek i[s2o3t]heshrmowalecdomthpartefsosriocne—rtaisnsucmonindgititohnesisofththeremsaylstceom’psroepsseorratfiornSi-tCiOs wcoyrctlhesciotnisipdoesrsinibglethtoe 2 riesdotuhcermthaelcompressiion—woasrskubmyingeatrhlyei5s0o%th,ecromaplacoremdptroetshsoerafdoirabS-aCtiOc2pcryocleessiitnisopmosesirbalnegteo orfedinulceettahnedcomutplertespsrioesnsuwroersk. bTyhniseaisrlbye5c0a%us,ecothmepgaerendertaotetdhehaedaitabisatriecjepcrtoecdesasftienrseoamchesramnaglel sotfaginelectoamnpdroeusstlieotnp, rtehsesuwreosr.kTinhgisflisubidecbaeucsoemthees gmenoereraltieqduihde-alitkies rienjedcetendsiatyftearsetahceh psmreassllusrteagise icnocmreparsesdsinoena,rthtehewaomrkbiniegnftluteimdbpecroamtueres,mreoqrueilriqinugidm-luikcehinledssenwsoitryka.sTthepmreasinsumreeicshianncirsemasetod inmeparothveathmebeieffinctiteenmcypeinrathuereS,-rCeqOuirciyncglemisuctohrlesdsuwceorthke.Tchoemmpraeinssmionecwhaonriksmbytopeimrfpormoviengthae 2 ceoffmicpiernescsyioin tphreocSe-sCsOn2ecayrctlheeiscrtioticraeldpuoceinthoefcCoOmp.rDesuseiotnowthoerkfabctythpaetrftohremtienmgpaercaotmurpererassnigoen 2 ◦ nperaorcethses ncreiatircathlepocrinitticaolrpreosipnotnodfsCtOo2t.hDeuaemtboiethnet tfeamctptheraatttuhret(e3m0.9p8eraCtu) irtegriavnegsethneaprotshsiebcilriittyictaol speotitnhtecormrepspreosnsdors’stowtohrek anmeabriethnet pteominptewrahteureC(3O0.9b8eh°Cav)eist lgikiveelsiqtuhied apnodsstibhielictyomtoprseestsitohne 2 wcomrkpdrescsroera’sesw(oarpkprnoeacrhtihneg puoimntpiwnghewreorCkO). 2 behaves like liquid and the compression work decreases (approaching pumping work). • Stages 2 to 3 and 5 to 6 are the process of heat exchange in the recuperator. The working medium, • Stages 2 to 3 and 5 to 6 are the process of heat exchange in the recuperator. The working medium, which has been compressed, goes to the recuperator where it flows on the cold side of the which has been compressed, goes to the recuperator where it flows on the cold side of the exchanger. On the hot side of the recuperator CO2 flows, which has been previously expanded, exchanger. On the hot side of the recuperator CO2 flows, which has been previously expanded, but it still has a relatively high temperature. Heat transport takes place to the compressed CO2, but it still has a relatively high temperature. Heat transport takes place to the compressed CO2, increasing its temperature. This step is theoretically not necessary, but it significantly improves increasing its temperature. This step is theoretically not necessary, but it significantly improvesPDF Image | Supercritical CO2-Brayton Cycle Nat Gas Compression Station
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