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Energies 2020, 13, 2447 15 of 18 nominal parameters and performance curves given by the manufacturer (Heat Recovery Solutions). The average net electrical output was assumed as 140 kWe. The above discrepancy does not allow to clearly state which technology would be better to use at the Jarosław II gas compressor station. The high value of net electrical power in for a Heat Recovery Solutions product is caused (probably) due to the advanced optimization of the entire ORC system. At first glance, the advantage of the ORC system seems to be indisputable, but in this paper the analysis of the S-CO2 cycle was limited to the simple recuperated cycle and to conditions which occur at natural gas compressor stations. The cycle efficiency and heat recovery coefficient must be carefully considered in the context of waste heat recovery system planning. These factors are directly related to the recovery work from the bottoming cycles. The net electrical efficiency of a heat recovery system is described as the product of cycle efficiency and the recovery rate of waste heat. In this case study, the defined waste heat utilization rate (WHUR) depends on both the cycle efficiency (CE) and the percent of waste heat transferred to CO2 (PWHT). The value of WHUR increases both with the growth in CE and PWHT. Thus, when optimizing the operational conditions of the waste heat recovery system, the aim is not only to maximize cycle efficiency (as for example like in fired plants). During operation optimization of the waste heat recovery system, it is necessary to take into account both cycle efficiency and percent of waste heat transferred to working fluid. It results from the fact that a significant increase in the CE value does not have such a large impact on the WHUR value. Each decrease in CE is compensated (not 100%) by an increase in the PWHT value. This dependence is very important, because the internal efficiency of the system can be increased by using, e.g., (i) more recuperators, (ii) stream splitting between several heat exchangers, etc. However, the increase in WHUR will not be proportional to the growth of CE. Implementation of additional devices in the system will increase its investment costs. In this case, when the management of waste heat is considered, the priority should be its maximum recovery (WHUR) with taking into account economic aspects. It may turn out that, instead of a complicated system, it will be possible to create a simpler system that will use more waste heat (PWHT) to increase the CO2 mass stream in the system. Increase in WHUR and PWHT is associated with heat exchange processes in exchangers and recuperators. That indicates one of the potential directions of further investigations on various heat exchanger solutions that will cooperate with S-CO2 in a selected temperature range. Internal efficiency increase can bring other benefits. Waste heat after passing through a heat exchanger, can be reused in another process. An analysis of operational parameters (WHUR, PWHT, CE) of the Bryton S-CO2 cycle at the natural gas compressor station, showed that the temperature of the flue gases after passing the heat exchanger is high enough to reuse it (flue gases) as a heat source in an ORC system (there are organic fluids which operate at 100–200 K). That indicates additional direction for further research on Brayton S-CO2 cycle which operates in a cascade with the ORC system. 6. Conclusions The aim of this case study was to estimate the possibility of application of the Brayton cycle with supercritical CO2 to utilize the waste heat from the exhaust gases at the natural gas compressor station. To achieve this, certain boundary conditions were assumed (e.g., waste heat parameters). The research was conducted in terms of impact of changes in the operating conditions of the S-CO2 system on defined energy efficiency indicators (temperature, pressure). The research demonstrated that energy efficiency indicators depend on the adopted operating conditions. Other research groups results present better efficiency indicators of the Bryton S-CO2 cycle in comparison to the ORC cycle (in other branches of industry). Analysis of selected efficiency indicators values for S-CO2 and ORC (analyzed for the same natural gas compressor station) did not show direct advantages of S-CO2 cycle over ORC. This is due to the fact that ORC technology for the natural gas compressor station applications is relatively developed and thus the entire system is well optimized. In subsequent scientific studies, the authors focus on optimization of the Brayton S-CO2 cycle in terms of net electricity produced, which will allow to compare results with industrially available ORCPDF Image | Supercritical CO2-Brayton Cycle Nat Gas Compression Station
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