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Energies 2020, 13, 2447 16 of 18 technologies. However, it should be taken into consideration that the Brayton S-CO2 system has a number of technical advantages over the ORC system. The most important advantages are (i) lower investment costs, (ii) smaller streams of working medium in circulation, (iii) lower price of the working medium, (iv) properties of the working medium (ORC fluids are often hazardous). Therefore, it may turn out that, despite the slightly lower efficiency of the Brayton cycle, it will be more attractive for the investor. The case study demonstrated the possibility of application of the S-CO2 Brayton cycle for waste heat parameters (temperature, stream) at a natural gas compressor station. It was proved that the increase in waste heat utilization rate (WHUR) is not proportional to the increase in cycle efficiency (CE). This makes it necessary to perform an individual case study, taking into account economic aspects. Additionally, disproportion indicates that it is better to create a simpler S-CO2 installation (i.e., less recuperators), which will use more waste heat (PWHT), thus increasing the mass flow of CO2 in the installation instead of complex system design (which is common practice). The study identified new potential directions for further research on application of S-CO2 at natural gas compressor stations, e.g., (i) focus on different types of heat exchangers and study of the S-CO2 heat flow in a specified temperature range; (ii) analysis of the Brayton S-CO2 cycle which operates in a cascade with ORC. The presented case study did not focus on issues related to the use of mechanical work generated by the turbine. However, it should be pointed out that this an issue is as important as maximizing indicators values of the (i) cycle efficiency (CE) and (ii) the percent of waste heat transferred to CO2 (PWHT). Currently, the most commonly considered solution is the use of generated work to produce electricity (due to flexibility of electricity management system). Nowadays, heat recovery technologies are expensive, which means that there are not many such installations at natural gas compressor stations in the world. Regardless of that, applicability of results of this study may be beneficial when considering other scenarios of Brayton S-CO2 use, e.g., a Brayton S-CO2 system which operates in a cascade with the ORC system. Another application of the results of this study may be beneficial to underground gas storage magazines where the S-CO2 Brayton Cycle also could be used. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, M.Ł. and A.S.; methodology, R.K., S.K. and T.W.; formal analysis, R.K.; investigation, S.K. and T.W.; resources, R.K., S.K., M.Ł., A.S. and T.W.; data curation, R.K.; writing—original draft preparation, R.K.; writing—review and editing, R.K. and S.K.; visualization, S.K.; supervision, M.Ł. and A.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research received no external funding. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Abbreviations Symbols h1 specific enthalpy of CO2 at the compressor inlet (J/kg) h2 specific enthalpy of CO2 at the compressor outlet (J/kg) h′2 specific enthalpy of CO2 at the recuperator cold side inlet (J/kg) h3 specific enthalpy of CO2 at the recuperator cold side outlet (J/kg) h′3 specific enthalpy of CO2 at the heat exchanger cold side inlet (J/kg) h4 specific enthalpy of CO2 at the heat exchanger cold side outlet (J/kg) h′4 specific enthalpy of CO2 at the turbine inlet (J/kg) h5 specific enthalpy of CO2 at the turbine outlet (J/kg) h′5 specific enthalpy of CO2 at the recuperator hot side inlet (J/kg) h6 specific enthalpy of CO2 at the recuperator hot side outlet (J/kg) hIN specific enthalpy of waste heat (flue gases) at heat exchanger hot side inlet (J/kg) hOUT specific enthalpy of waste heat (flue gases) at heat exchanger hot side outlet (J/kg) h specific enthalpy of waste heat (flue gases) at heat exchanger hot side outlet, AM assuming exhaust gases cooling to 25 ◦C (298.15 K) (J/kg) mCO2 mass stream of CO2 (kg/s) mh mass stream of waste heat (kg/s)PDF Image | Supercritical CO2-Brayton Cycle Nat Gas Compression Station
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