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Processes 2020, 8, 216 21 of 23 cycle was better in waste heat recovery, so the split-flow expansion S-CO2 cycle could be considered for ICE. Even if the thermal efficiency of the split-flow expansion S-CO2 cycle was lower than the other three cycles, it got higher output power than the other three cycles. In exchanging waste heat for output power, the split-flow expansion S-CO2 cycle had better performance, which confirmed that it was worthwhile to study the system combining the ICE and split-flow expansion S-CO2 cycle. However, for actual applications of ICE waste heat recovery, the complex cycle layouts will lead to high equipment costs, which may contribute negatively to the total system performance. There is also the waste heat of the ICE that is considered in this research, which will result in some heat losses in the whole ICE, that are not mentioned. So, the ICE waste heat recovery system needs further experimental research and economic analyses. 5. Conclusions For recovering ICE waste heat effectively, four S-CO2 cycle layouts are brought out, and their thermodynamic performances are analyzed. The following results can be concluded from this study: (1) For the recuperation of the S-CO2 cycle considered in this study, there is the highest thermal efficiency and exhaust heat recovery ratio at a compressor inlet pressure which is slightly higher than the critical pressure. The optimal efficiency and corresponding compressor inlet pressure increase with the rising of the turbine inlet pressure. When the turbine inlet pressure and temperature are fixed at 25 MPa and 500 ◦C, the optimal compressor inlet parameters leading to a maximum exhaust heat recovery ratio of 18.12% are 7.65 MPa and 32 ◦C, respectively. (2) The MC/PC inlet pressures will change with the turbine inlet conditions to achieve the optimal thermodynamic performance of the pre-compression S-CO2 cycle. The optimal MC/PC inlet pressures are 5.8 MPa and 7.68 MPa, respectively, which can lead to a maximum exhaust heat recovery ratio of 19.0%. (3) For the split-flow recompression S-CO2 cycle, thermal efficiency increases and then decreases with the rising of the SR; there is an optimum SR of 0.36 leading to the maximum thermal efficiency of 43.16%. On the contrary, the exhaust heat recovery ratio decreases with the rising of the SR, which indicates that the split-flow recompression S-CO2 cycle is not suitable for ICE waste heat recovery. (4) Both the thermal efficiency and exhaust heat recovery ratio increase and then decrease with the rising of the SR for the split expansion S-CO2 cycle; there is an optimum SR of 0.43. Compared to recuperation of the S-CO2 cycle, the maximum highest thermal efficiency decreases from 36.05% to 32.99%, but the maximum exhaust heat recovery ratio increases from 18.09% to 24.75%. Among the four layouts considered in this study, the split expansion S-CO2 cycle can achieve the highest performance for ICE waste heat recovery, while the total output power can increase 15.3%. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, W.Y.; data curation, D.G.; formal analysis, Q.G.; funding acquisition, X.L.; investigation, H.S.; writing—original draft, Q.G. and writing—review and editing, G.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This work was supported by the Open Fund Project of the Hubei Key Laboratory of Hydroelectric Machinery Design & Maintenance (NO.2019KJX05) and Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (NO. D20181206).-Yichang, China. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Abbreviations Nomenclature T Temperature (◦C) q Mass flow rate (kg/h) W Power (kw) h Enthalpy (kJ/kg)PDF Image | Supercritical CO2 Cycle for ICE Waste Heat Recovery
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