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Summary This report provides an assessment of nine mechanisms by which the smart grid can reduce energy use and carbon impacts associated with electricity generation and delivery. To the extent possible, the associated reductions in electricity and CO2 emissions were quantified to illustrate the benefits inherent in the smart grid’s potential contribution to the nation’s goal of mitigating climate change from reducing the carbon footprint of the electric power system. Environmental impacts to air and water quality and land use were not considered, nor were impacts on end users that rely upon natural gas as their energy source. The reductions in electric utility electricity and CO2 emissions in 2030 attributable to the nine mechanisms by direct and indirect effect are shown in Table S.1. The direct reductions were calculated for the mechanisms that affected electricity and CO2 emissions directly through implementation of the smart grid technologies. Indirect reductions are derived by translating the estimated cost savings in energy and/or capacity into their energy and carbon equivalents through purchase of additional cost- effective energy efficiency. This can represent a policy decision to reinvest the savings to purchase additional more cost effective energy efficiency and renewable resources. Table S.1. Potential Reductions in Electricity and CO2 Emissions in 2030 Attributable to Smart Grid Technologies Reductions in Electricity Sector Energy and CO2 Emissions(a) Mechanism Conservation Effect of Consumer Information and Feedback Systems Joint Marketing of Energy Efficiency and Demand Response Programs Deployment of Diagnostics in Residential and Small/Medium Commercial Buildings Measurement & Verification (M&V) for Energy Efficiency Programs Shifting Load to More Efficient Generation Support Additional Electric Vehicles and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Conservation Voltage Reduction and Advanced Voltage Control Support Penetration of Renewable Wind and Solar Generation (25% renewable portfolio standard [RPS]) Total Reduction (a) Assumes 100% penetration of the smart grid technologies. Direct (%) 3 - 3 1 <0.1 3 2 <0.1 12 Indirect (%) - 0 - 0.5 - - - 5 6 The estimates in Table S.1 are based on the annual electricity supplied to the U.S. grid and the associated CO2 emissions in 2030, as forecast by the U.S. Energy Information Agency. They represent the percentage reduction in the annual U.S. electrical energy production and resulting CO2 reductions, based on the emissions of average U.S. generating power plant. This allows the percentage reductions to be placed in context with RPSs for their electric system that have been already adopted by many states, typically 20% or more over a period of one or two decades. vPDF Image | The Smart Grid: An Estimation of the Energy and CO2 Benefits
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