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Mechanism C: Deployment of Diagnostics in Residential and Small/Medium Commercial Buildings C.1 Introduction This topic examines the application of smart-grid-enabled diagnostics to heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in residential and small/medium commercial buildings. This is feasible because the HVAC systems are reasonably similar in design and function, and the smart grid’s real-time sensing and communication technology enables automated profiling of these systems to detect malfunctions at an early stage. The application of diagnostics to HVAC systems in large commercial buildings is becoming routine practice and can be administered through building automation systems; this reduces the need for smart-grid-enabled diagnostic tools, at least in the foreseeable future. For more than a decade, researchers have heralded the imminent rise of home automation and smart appliances as a way to increase home comfort and functionality while reducing energy consumption and emissions. Although this has yet to become a reality, several trends appear to make this vision more feasible today, including: • widespread internet connectivity, including broadband deployment • continuing decreases in the cost of computing power, communications, power electronics, and sensors • greater homeowner acceptance and comfort with home electronics • rapidly growing use of microprocessors and programmable controls in home appliances and HVAC equipment • widespread adoption of automated meters with two-way communication capabilities. In addition to the above trends, the smart grid provides access to information that was not previously available: whole-house or building electricity consumption, thermostat status, run-times and duty cycles of major equipment, current and future weather information, calendar information (time of day/year), and current and future price of electricity. All of this information can be used not only to optimize the energy use and reduce the operating cost, but also as potential help in increasing the operating efficiency of major appliance and energy-consuming equipment in homes and buildings. C.2 Review HVAC system operation degrades due to inoperable dampers, dirty/clogged filters and coils, incorrect refrigerant charges, failing compressors, failed sensors, failed fans, missing enclosure panels, incorrectly implemented controls, excessive run-time, and other conditions. These lead to increased energy consumption, higher operating cost, shortened equipment life, and unhealthy conditions for building occupants. Customers are often not aware of these conditions, nor do they have the motivation or expertise to detect and resolve many of the conditions. Resolution typically requires a service call to have a trained individual conduct an inspection, often after a condition has progressed to a detectable level (insufficient heating/cooling capacity, which leads to discomfort). C.1PDF Image | The Smart Grid: An Estimation of the Energy and CO2 Benefits
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