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Direct Savings Mechanism F Support Additional Electric Vehicles and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Reduced Energy Consumption (2030) Baseline Electricity Consumption Electric Sector Annual Reductions (2030) Energy Carbon Emissions Est. % 3 Low High % % 2 5 % of United States 3 9 year) % of United States 3 End-Use Sector(s) Electricity Equivalent of Light Vehicle Transportation (cars, vans, SUVs, light trucks) 9 (10 kWh/year) 5135 (10 kWh/ (MMT/ yearr) 82 Note: the estimated reductions are “well-to-wheel” and are expressed in kWh. While electric generation increases to accommodate the additional vehicles, the petroleum energy that the vehicles would otherwise consume decreases. • Transportation Sector, LDVs – The quantity of electricity reduction (139 B kWh) is calculated by applying the reduction (3%) in energy consumption to the quantity of total quantity of equivalent electricity consumed by LDVs (5135 B kWh). This quantity is derived from the Btu quantity of energy consumed by LDVs (17.52 quads) to electricity consumption using a conversion factor of 3412 Btu/kWh. – The percentage reduction in electricity (3%) is calculated by dividing the quantity reduced (139 B kWh) by the total quantity of electricity supplied to the grid (4968 B kWh - AEO). – The CO2 emission reduction (78 MMT) is calculated by dividing the quantity electricity reduction (131 B kWh) by the total electricity supplied to the grid (4968 B kWh - AEO) times total utility sector emissions (2948 MMT - AEO). – The percentage of CO2 emission reduction (3%) is calculated by dividing the reduction (78 MMT) by total utility emissions (2948 MMT -AEO). Assumptions • PHEV/EV savings of 3%, calculated as the product of a 9% increase in the vehicle fleet times a 30% increase in energy consumption per VMT, from a range of 2% to 5%. • Penetration = 100% Data Sources • LDV consumption in 2030 is 17.52 quads Source: AEO 2008 (DOE/EIA-0383), Table 7. Transportation Sector Key Indicators and Delivered Energy Consumption • Electricity Supply in 2030 is 4968 B kWh Source: AEO 2008 (DOE/EIA-0383), Table 8. Electricity Supply, Disposition, Prices, and Emissions; Total Net Generation to the Grid • Electric Utility CO2 Emissions in 2030 is 2948 MMT Source: AEO 2008 (DOE/EIA-0383), Table 18. Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Sector and Source; Electric Power Total 139 2.10PDF Image | The Smart Grid: An Estimation of the Energy and CO2 Benefits
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