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Energies 2020, 13, 6576 18 of 24 hot water, both valves will remain open. Summarizing, the Valve_cold is open when the SHP is on and the valve_hot is open when there is a demand of hot water. 5. Conclusions The research work presented in this paper includes the analysis of the influence of the TES system coupled with a HP for an energy recovery application. Two alternatives of the TES system have been studied and compared: the conventional stratified storage tank and the innovative variable-water-volume storage tank. The study compares both systems from a system global energy performance perspective and to complement the conclusions an exergy analysis was also conducted. The main results obtained show: • Variable-water-volume tank has shown an improvement in SPFuser of 3.5% compared to the stratified system for the same water use. • In the stratified tank, the HRU must be used always in order to preheat the water going into the tank from the net. • The stratified system uses less efficiently the energy input, requiring a significantly higher amount of energy input in order to be able to achieve similar SPFuser. The difference is critical in waste heat energy recovery applications where the amount of available energy is limited. • A significantly smaller SHP-tank size from the variable-water-volume case when compared with the stratified case (half the tank size and 33% of SHP size), which will be due to a reduced system cost. This point is a consequence of the higher exergy efficiency due to the exergy destroyed in the stratified case by the dead water volume. • The variable-water-volume case is the best option for a booster HP with energy recovery from a low temperature heat source, ULTDH network and especially grey water network, application since it allows the system to work with the highest system global efficiency and lowest energy use from the heat source. It is worth mentioning that in all the studies performed in the current work, as in the most of theoretical studies available in the literature, the stratification of the storage tank is not disturbed by the water ingoing or outgoing from the tank. Therefore, the penalty of using stratified tanks would be higher in real systems. In that direction, the experimental test in a pilot plant in which tank temperature is registered will supply more insight about the real losses of stratified systems and how they can be compared with variable volume ones. Regarding the variable volume tank, this work has assumed that the system is properly designed and working during the whole year, but if the variable volume tank is oversized, some stratification phenomena could appear that must be analyzed and their impact on the storage system evaluated, but it is out of the scope of this work and this effect as well as the stratification breaking in stratified tanks will be the object of a future research. In conclusion, the variable-water-volume case has shown to be a better option to be coupled with HP technology regarding heat recovery applications over the conventional stratified case. With a higher energy recovered rate and higher exergy efficiency that led to achieve lower SHP-sizes and simpler configuration circuit considering the same energy demand. Finally, a practical way to implement the water storage tank with the corresponding operation strategy has been proposed, showing that the idea could be implemented without increasing significantly the system cost. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, E.N.-P. and J.M.C.; Methodology, E.N.-P.; Software, X.M.; Formal Analysis, X.M. and E.N.-P.; Investigation, X.M.; Resources, J.M.C.; Data Curation, X.M. and E.N.-P.; Writing—Original Draft Preparation, X.M.; Writing—Review & Editing, E.N.-P. and J.M.C.; Supervision, E.N.-P. and J.M.C.; Project Administration, E.N.-P.; Funding Acquisition, E.N.-P. and J.M.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. ” Funding: “Vicerectorado de Investigación, Innovación y Transferencia of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Spain)” throught the project “REDUCCIÓN DE LAS EMISIONES DE CO2 A ALTA TEMPERATURE A PARTIRPDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage Strategy Booster Heat Pump Low Temp
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