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Thermal Energy Storage Strategy Booster Heat Pump Low Temp

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Thermal Energy Storage Strategy Booster Heat Pump Low Temp ( thermal-energy-storage-strategy-booster-heat-pump-low-temp )

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Energies 2020, 13, 6576 19 of 24 DE LA RECUPERACION DE CALOR RESIDUAL MEDIANTE EL USO DE UNA BOMBA DE CALOR” with the reference SP20180039 from the program “Primeros proyectos de investigación (PAID-06-18)”. Acknowledgments: The authors would like also to acknowledge the Spanish ‘MINISTERIO DE ECONOMIA Y COMPETITIVIDAD’, throught the project. “MAXIMIZACION DE LA EFICIENCIA Y MINIMIZACION DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE BOMBAS DE CALOR PARA LA DESCARBONIZACION DE LA CALEFACCION/ACS EN LOS EDIFICIOS DE CONSUMO CASI NULO” with the reference ENE2017-83665-C2-1-P and “Vicerectorado de Investigación, Innovación y Transferencia of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Spain)” throught the project “REDUCCIÓN DE LAS EMISIONES DE CO2 A ALTA TEMPERATURE A PARTIR DE LA RECUPERACION DE CALOR RESIDUAL MEDIANTE EL USO DE UNA BOMBA DE CALOR” with the reference SP20180039 from the program “Primeros proyectos de investigación (PAID-06-18)” for the given support. EnCergoinesfl2i0c2ts0,o1f3,InxtFeOreRsPt:ETEhReRaEuVtIhEoWrsdeclarenoconflictofinterest. 20of25 Appendix A Appendix A In order to complement the results presented in this paper from the point of view of the system, In order to complement the results presented in this paper from the point of view of the system, the authors included an analysis of the tank. The analysis consists of an energy analysis taking the the authors included an analysis of the tank. The analysis consists of an energy analysis taking the tank as control volume, and a part of the energy analysis, an exergy analysis was considered since a tank as control volume, and a part of the energy analysis, an exergy analysis was considered since a more perceptive basis is needed if the true usefulness of TES system is to be assessed. That is mainly more perceptive basis is needed if the true usefulness of TES system is to be assessed. That is mainly due to the fact that the losses in an energy analysis only account for those that exit the boundaries of due to the fact that the losses in an energy analysis only account for those that exit the boundaries of the system, but in the TES system, there are also internal exergy consumptions that the energy analysis the system, but in the TES system, there are also internal exergy consumptions that the energy does not consider [32]. That is why an exergy analysis was considered necessary to evaluate and analysis does not consider [32]. That is why an exergy analysis was considered necessary to evaluate compare the performance of the TES system for the SHP system. The energy and exergy analysis take and compare the performance of the TES system for the SHP system. The energy and exergy analysis as control volume the storage tank. In this manner, the facility, with the SHP and the HRU, does not take as control volume the storage tank. In this manner, the facility, with the SHP and the HRU, does take part in this analysis. not take part in this analysis. Appendix A.1. Energy and Exergy Analysis Methodology Appendix A.1. Energy and Exergy Analysis Methodology The energy and exergy analysis of the TES system was performed based on the methodology The energy and exergy analysis of the TES system was performed based on the methodology presented in [32]. Figure A1 introduces the nomenclature scheme used for both tank configurations. presented in [32]. Figure A1 introduces the nomenclature scheme used for both tank configurations. (a) Stratified storage tank model (b) Variable-water-volume storage tank model Figure A1. Nomenclature of the different tank inlets and outlets of each model. (a) Refers to the Figure A1. Nomenclature of the different tank inlets and outlets of each model. (a) Refers to the strsattriafiteifidemdomdoedlealnadn(db)(bto)ttohethveavriarbialeb-lwe-awteart-evro-vluomluemmeomdoedl.el. ThTehenenrgerygbyablanlacnecceacnabnebwerwitrtietnteansashsohwownnininEqEuqautaiotinonA1(A:1): 𝐸𝑛􏱘􏲀􏱙􏳔􏱛 􏱒 𝐸𝑛􏲋􏱿􏱜􏱝􏲌􏱿􏲋􏱿􏲐 􏱒 𝐸𝑛􏲁􏱝􏳀􏳀 = 𝐸𝑛􏲏􏱜􏱜􏳔􏲎􏳔􏲁􏲏􏱛􏱿􏲐. (A1) Eninput − Enrecovered − Enloss = Enaccumulated (A1) Being, 𝐸𝑛􏱘􏲀􏱙􏳔􏱛 the total energy input to the tank that has been calculated as H􏳿 􏱒 H􏴀 + H􏴁 in Being, En the total energy input to the tank that has been calculated as H − H + H in the the stratified case and as H in the variable-water-volume case, 𝐸𝑛 the energy recovered as input 􏳿 􏲋􏱿􏱜􏱝􏲌􏱿􏲋􏱿􏲐 A B D stratified case and as H in the variable-water-volume case, En the energy recovered as the total A 􏲾 􏲁􏱝􏳀􏳀 recovered the total energy sent to the user (H ), 𝐸𝑛 the environmental tank losses that have been calculated energysenttotheuser(H ),En theenvironmentaltanklossesthathavebeencalculatedusingthe using the UA method and 𝐸𝑛 UA method and Enaccumulated as the energy stored in the tank. All the energy flows were calculated considering a reference temperature of the system of 10 ◦C, as it is the lowest temperature of the system of the system (net temperature). Being, 𝐸𝑥􏱘􏲀􏱙􏳔􏱛 the total exergy input to the tank calculated as 𝐸𝑥􏴂 􏱒 𝐸𝑥􏴃 + 𝐸𝑥􏴄 in the stratified case and as Ex􏳿 in the variable-water-volume case, 𝐸𝑥􏲋􏱿􏱜􏱝􏲌􏱿􏲋􏱿􏲐 the exergy recovered as the total exergy sent to the user (𝐸𝑥􏲾 ); 𝐸𝑥􏲁􏱝􏳀􏳀 the environmental exergy losses calculated according to (net temperature). C loss as the energy stored in the tank. All the energy flows were calculated considering a reference temperature of the system of 10 °C, as it is the lowest temperature 􏲏􏱜􏱜􏳔􏲎􏳔􏲁􏲏􏱛􏱿􏲐 The equation for the exergy balance can be written as shown in Equation A2: 𝐸𝑥􏱘􏲀􏱙􏳔􏱛 􏱒 𝐸𝑥􏲋􏱿􏱜􏱝􏲌􏱿􏲋􏱿􏲐 􏱒 𝐸𝑥􏲁􏱝􏳀􏳀 􏱒 𝐸𝑥􏱜􏱝􏲀􏳀􏳔􏲎􏱙􏱛􏱘􏱝􏲀 = 𝐸𝑥􏲏􏱜􏱜􏳔􏲎􏳔􏲁􏲏􏱛􏱿􏲐. A2 Equation A3; 𝐸𝑥 the exergy consumed in the system calculated for having balance zero in

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