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Tribo-Charging during Powder in Selective Laser Sintering

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Tribo-Charging during Powder in Selective Laser Sintering ( tribo-charging-during-powder-selective-laser-sintering )

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Polymers 2019, 11, 609 11 of 12 4. Hague, R.; Mansour, S.; Saleh, N. Material and design considerations for rapid manufacturing. Int. J. Prod. Res. 2007, 42, 4691–4708. [CrossRef] 5. Wendel, B.; Rietzel, D.; Kühnlein, F.; Feulner, R.; Hülder, G.; Schmachtenberg, E. Additive Processing of Polymers. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2008, 293, 799–809. [CrossRef] 6. Goodridge, R.D.; Tuck, C.J.; Hague, R. Laser sintering of polyamides and other polymers. Prog. Mater. Sci. 2012, 57, 229–267. [CrossRef] 7. Schmidt, J.; Sachs, M.; Fanselow, S.; Zhao, M.; Romeis, S.; Drummer, D.; Wirth, K.-E.; Peukert, W. Optimized polybutylene terephthalate powders for selective laser beam melting. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2016, 156, 1–10. [CrossRef] 8. Dechet, M.; Gómez Bonilla, J.; Lanzl, L.; Drummer, D.; Bück, A.; Schmidt, J.; Peukert, W. Spherical Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)—Polycarbonate (PC) Blend Particles by Mechanical Alloying and Thermal Rounding. Polymers 2018, 10, 1373. [CrossRef] 9. Schmid, M.; Amado, A.; Wegener, K. Polymer powders for selective laser sintering (SLS). In Proceedings of the PPS-30: The 30th International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society—Conference Papers, Cleveland, OH, USA, 6–12 June 2014; Schmid, M., Amado, A., Wegener, K., Eds.; AIP Publishing LLC: College Park, MD, USA, 2015. 10. Haworth, B.; Hopkinson, N.; Hitt, D.; Zhong, X. Shear viscosity measurements on Polyamide-12 polymers for laser sintering. Rapid Prototyp. J. 2013, 19, 28–36. [CrossRef] 11. Zhao, M.; Wudy, K.; Drummer, D. Crystallization Kinetics of Polyamide 12 during Selective Laser Sintering. Polymers 2018, 10, 168. [CrossRef] 12. Drummer, D.; Wudy, K.; Drexler, M. Modelling of the aging behavior of polyamide 12 powder during laser melting process. In Polymer Powders for Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Proceedings of the PPS-30: The 30th International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society—Conference Papers, Cleveland, OH, USA, 6–12 June 2014; Schmid, M., Amado, A., Wegener, K., Eds.; AIP Publishing LLC: College Park, MD, USA, 2015; p. 160007. 13. Wudy, K.; Drummer, D.; Kühnlein, F.; Drexler, M. Influence of degradation behavior of polyamide 12 powders in laser sintering process on produced parts. In Proceedings of the PPS-29: The 29th International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society—Conference Papers, Nuremberg, Germany, 15–19 July 2013; American Institute of Physics: College Park, MD, USA, 2014; pp. 691–695. 14. Dechet, M.A.; Goblirsch, A.; Romeis, S.; Zhao, M.; Lanyi, F.J.; Kaschta, J.; Schubert, D.W.; Drummer, D.; Peukert, W.; Schmidt, J. Production of polyamide 11 microparticles for Additive Manufacturing by liquid-liquid phase separation and precipitation. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2019, 197, 11–25. [CrossRef] 15. Matsusaka, S.; Maruyama, H.; Matsuyama, T.; Ghadiri, M. Triboelectric charging of powders: A review. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2010, 65, 5781–5807. [CrossRef] 16. Lacks, D.J.; Mohan Sankaran, R. Contact electrification of insulating materials. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2011, 44, 453001. [CrossRef] 17. Németh, E. Triboelektrische Aufladung von Kunststoffen. Ph.D. Thesis, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany, 2003. 18. Tanoue, K.-I.; Ema, A.; Masuda, H. Effect of Material Transfer and Work Hardening of Metal Surface on the Current Generated by Impact of Particles. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. JCEJ 1999, 32, 544–548. [CrossRef] 19. Zhou, H.; Götzinger, M.; Peukert, W. The influence of particle charge and roughness on particle–substrate adhesion. Powder Technol. 2003, 135–136, 82–91. [CrossRef] 20. Németh, E.; Albrecht, V.; Schubert, G.; Simon, F. Polymer tribo-electric charging: Dependence on thermodynamic surface properties and relative humidity. J. Electrost. 2003, 58, 3–16. [CrossRef] 21. Hendrickson, G. Electrostatics and gas phase fluidized bed polymerization reactor wall sheeting. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2006, 61, 1041–1064. [CrossRef] 22. Fotovat, F.; Bi, X.T.; Grace, J.R. A perspective on electrostatics in gas-solid fluidized beds: Challenges and future research needs. Powder Technol. 2018, 329, 65–75. [CrossRef] 23. Chowdhury, F.; Sowinski, A.; Ray, M.; Passalacqua, A.; Mehrani, P. Charge generation and saturation on polymer particles due to single and repeated particle-metal contacts. J. Electrost. 2018, 91, 9–15. [CrossRef] 24. Stichel, T.; Geißler, B.; Jander, J.; Laumer, T.; Frick, T.; Roth, S. Electrophotographic multi-material powder deposition for additive manufacturing. J. Laser Appl. 2018, 30, 32306. [CrossRef] 25. Dotchev, K.; Yusoff, W. Recycling of polyamide 12 based powders in the laser sintering process. Rapid Prototyp. J. 2009, 15, 192–203. [CrossRef]

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