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Materials 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW Materials 2020, 13, 4980 8 of 12 G 80 60 40 20 0 1M 25 0.6 20 15 10 0.2 0.0 H 12 10 8 6 Figure 3. Triboelectric output voltage, current and power as a function of the load resistance for Fdigiffuerreen3t.mTraitbeorieallecptarircs:o(uAtp)uPtAv66o:lStaEgBeS,;c(Bur)rPeAnt66a:nPdP;p(Co)wMericas:SaEBfuS;n(cDti)oMniocfa:tPhVeDloFa-cd;(rEe)siMstiacnac:PeVfDorF; d(iFff)eMreincta:3m0BatTe/rPiaVlDpFa;i(rGs:)M(Aic)a:PKAap6t6o:SnEaBnSd;((HB)MPiAca6:P6:UPP.; (C) Mica:SEBS; (D) Mica:PVDF-c; (E) Mica:PVDF; (F) Mica:30BT/PVDF; (G) Mica:Kapton and (H) Mica:PU. Table 2. Summary of the output power, voltage and current for the different systems under evaluation, Ttheusla,rpgoerlyoaumtpiudtepwowaesrussbedingcofmorbthineePdAw66i:tPhPSaEnBdSthaenMdicPaP:3w0BiTth/PaVDmFapxaimirsu.m power of 0.9 and 5.8 mW, respectively. Mica was also used to compare the triboelectric performance of the samples PVDF Materials RL (MΩ) Voltage (V) Current (μA) Power (mW) or PVDF-c, considering the processing method. Both have a maximum power around RL = 3.3 MΩ PA66:PP 5 172.5 34.4 5.9 with the commercial and solvent cast samples reaching the same order of magnitude for the output roughness vaMriiactai:o3n0Bs.T/PVDF 5 141.8 27.4 3.9 Mica:Kapton 5 50.1 10.2 0.5 The important role of the dielectric properties in the triboelectric output of the samples is Mica:PU >100 252.4 2.6 0.7 demonstrated by the PVDF composites reinforced with barium titanate. The high dielectric constant of the ceramic nanoparticles (150) embedded into the PVDF matrix (dielectric constant around 6) leads Ttohaenpinocwrearseouotfpduitelepcetrfiocrcmonasntcaentdwepitehnadnsinocnresaesveeorfaflilflaerctcoorns,tensut c[3h9,a4s0]turipbotoelεec≈tr1i5c fcohrathrgee cpormovpiodsiinteg/PreVcDeiFv,iningc[r1e1a,s3i4n]ganthdeppheyrsfiocraml parnocpeeortfiethseoftrtihbeomeleactetricalsy[s3t5e,m36,].asItpisresdhiocwtendibnyththeeliotreertaitcuarle mthoadtemlsa[t9e,r4i1a,l4s2f]uartnhderexapearitminenptraolvmideinasgu/recmeievnintsg[e3l8e]c.tTrohnuss,leadmtaoxaimlaurmgerpotrwibeoreoleuctpriuctoouftp0u.2t athnadn 3m.9atmerWialswcalosseotbotaeiancehdotfhorer,nweahticPhVmDaFyeaxncdha3n0gBeTs/mPValDlaFm,oreusnptescotifvcehlyar,gaes[3s4h].owRonuginhnFeisgsuisreals3oF,a dkeemyofnacstorartfinorgttrhibaoteinleccrteraicsienngetrhgeydgienlecrtartiicocno.nItsthaanstboefeansepxepceifriicmmeantearlilayldleamdosntsotraanteidncfroeradseiffoefrietnst trpiobloyemleecrtr-bicasoeudtpmuat.teInriaclosntchlautsionncr,etahseinrogurgohungehsnseasnsdledadiesletcotrainc ipnecrrmeaitsteiviintythoefopuotlpyumteprsowinefrluoefntchee thtreibtoreibleocetlreictmricatpereiraflosr[m35a–n3c7e],. being that the dielectric properties are more preponderant in the chargeTshteratnrisbfoererledctrbiectwperefnoromppanocseiteosfutrhfeacPeAs.66:SEBS pair is represented in Figure 3A, showing a P=C0.o9m0mWercaiatlapRair=of5mMatΩer.iaItlsisMtoican:oKtaicpetothnaptrtehsesnetsmaaPter=ia0l.s5amreWclfosreRinL =th5eMtrΩib,odeelescptirtiecbseirniegs, L obnuetofntehpermevoasltenotpfpaoctsoitre,spuarfirascewriotuhginhntheesst,railbsoeplelacytrsicasrelreievsa.nCtroonlter,arsymtoenPtVioDneFd, sbuerfofarcee. Stroelavtemntencatst insamthpelessuprefasceent h(simghoeorthrousguhrnfaecsesst)haonfcothmemecrocmiaml oenrceisa,lleamdaintegritaolsa hdigehcreerasuersfactheeaireat,rribesouelteicntgriicn piemrfporromveadncteri.bAoesleimctirliacrpefrffeocrtmcancbee. Aoblsoe,rtvheedsainmMpliecsap:PrUepwarietdh bPy=h0o.t7-pmreWss.inIng,tshuicshcaseP,Ath6e6,osuhtopwuta ploawrgercsounrftainceuerosutoghincersesaasnedw,aitshaincocrnesaesqiunegnRceL,ltehaedPiAng66t:oPaPnpoauirtpshuotwvoslataPge=t5h.a9t4imncWreafosersRuLp=to5M25Ω0, Va.sMisischa:oSwEBnSi,noTnabthlee2o.ther hand, reaches P = 0.6 mW at RL = 10 MΩ (Figure 3C). SEBS with Mica, beingTshimusil,aprotloyaMmicidae:PwAa6s6u, sdedspcoitme tbhineepdrowxiitmh SitEyBoSfatnhdesPePmwaittehriamlsainximthuemtripbowelerctorfic0.s9earnieds.5.8 mW, respectively. Mica was also used to compare the triboelectric performance of the samples PVDF or PVDTFa-bcl,eco2.nsSiudmerminargythofetphreocoeustspiuntgpmowetehr,odvo.ltBagoethahndavceuarremntaxfoimruthmepdioffwererntarsoyustnedmsRun=de3r.3MΩ L 8 of 12 10M 100M Resistance (W) 5 0 4 0.2 2 0 0.0 0.4 250 200 150 100 50 0 0.6 0.4 1M 10M Resistance (W) 100M PA66:SEBS 5 68.1 13.2 0.9 power, about 0.4 mW instead of 0.2 mW for PVDF-c and PVDF (Figure 3D,E), respectively. A similar Mica:SEBS 10 78.6 8.1 0.6 performance indicates that the intrinsic properties of the PVDF materials, in particular the large Mica:PVDF-c 3.3 36.7 11.1 0.4 dielectric constant (ε ≈ 6) [38], overcomes the effects related to the manufacturing process and surface Mica:PVDF 3.3 22.5 6.6 0.2 evaluation, the larger output powers being for the PA66:PP and the Mica:30BT/PVDF pairs. with the commercial and solvent cast samples reaching the same order of magnitude for the output power, about 0.4 mW instead of 0.2 mW for PVDF-c and PVDF (Figure 3D,E), respectively. A similar roughness variations. Materials RL (MΩ) Voltage (V) Current (μA) Power (mW) performance indicates that the intrinsic properties of the PVDF materials, in particular the large 5 68.1 13.2 0.9 10 78.6 8.1 0.6 3.3 36.7 11.1 0.4 PA66:PP 5 172.5 34.4 5.9 dielectric constant (ε ≈ 6) [38], overcomes the effects related to the manufacturing process and surface PA66:SEBS Mica:SEBS Mica:PVDF-c Voltage (V) Current (mA) Power (mW) Voltage (V) Current (mA) Power (mW)PDF Image | Triboelectric Energy Harvesting vs Polymer-Based Materials
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