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Energies 2020, 13, 5914 4 of 15 this has been selected as the working fluid for the prototype. The expansion machine that converts the thermal energy of the working fluid into useful power is another key parameter in the design of the ORC system. The same authors demonstrated the feasibility of a single-screw expander for R123-based ORC systems. Therefore, this paper also used the single-screw expander shown in Figure 1 for the investigation. The said expander is simple and cost-effective; however, the exergy losses are significant. The experiments were carried out to study the irreversible loss of all the main components and investigate the influence of different operating conditions on the system’s performance. With the aid of exergy analysis, the contribution of each individual component to the overall losses is quantified and the exergetic efficiency of the system is reported. Figure 1. Photo of a single-screw expander. Reprinted with permission. Elsevier, 2020 [9]. Section 2 describes the system and experimental test rig; Section 3 presents the data processing and modeling; Section 4 discusses the insights from the study and the results and discussions; in the end, Section 5 provides the concluding remarks. 2. System Description and Test Rig 2.1. System Description Figure 2 shows the concept of the experimental system and Figure 3 is a photo of the ORC system prototype. In the system, the working fluid is R123 for significantly improving the performance of the system and the heat source is the gas of a diesel engine whose maximum power output is 248 kW. The temperature of the exhaust gas is taken as 485 ◦C and the engine operating point is kept constant. Although it does not reflect actual engine operation; however, it suffices for the aim of this study, which is to experimentally identify the component with maximum losses and the exergetic efficiency of the cycle. The boundary conditions taken for this analysis are summarized in Table 1. Table 1. Boundary conditions for the analysis. Parameters ORC working fluid Compressor and turbine isentropic efficiency Heat source temperature Maximum heat available ORC evaporation pressure Condensing temperature Reference state (To and Po) Values R123 0.80 485 ◦C 248 kW 1300—1600 kPa 48.7 ∼ 55.4 ◦C 35 ◦C/101 kPaPDF Image | Waste Heat Recovery from Diesel Engine Exhaust ORC
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