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part of the HRSG and the gas temperature is higher than that of the economizer. Water is vaporized into steam, steam generation occurs in the evaporator. Required heat transfer is the amount needed to change the phase of water from liquid to vapour (steam). The pinch point temperature difference is relevant to the evaporator part of the HRSG and shows the minimum temperature difference between the hot gas flow and the saturated water temperature. Larger pinch point temperature difference would lead to smaller necessary heat exchange surface for the evaporator, while a smaller pinch point temperature difference would allow for a deeper recovery of heat from the exhaust gas stream but would require a larger heat exchange surface with consequently higher costs and higher pressure drop, see Fig. 2.11. The pressure drop on the flue gas side should be kept at a minimum and is usually at 25 to 40 mbar. 2.7.5 Superheater The superheater is the first heat exchange surface on the gas path of the HRSG where the gas is hottest, and consequently the last heat exchange surface on the water/steam side, where the saturated steam us brought up to superheated conditions to a temperature governed by the available hot gas temperature and the selected limit for the temperature difference being a direct function of the heat exchange surface and thus investment costs. Superheating may be parallel or counter-flow type and economic considerations must be taken into account depending on if used in low or high heat. Metal alloy material cost is higher than for the lower temperature heat exchange sections. Sometimes the HRSG may use supplementary firing in the gas duct, which increases the steam production but subjects the superheater to even higher temperatures. The heat transfer between the exhaust gas and the water/steam side of the HRSG, including the pinch point location, is illustrated in Figure 2.11. Figure 2.11 Heat transferred from exhaust gas to water (steam) in the HRSG in economizer, evaporator and superheater sections. 16PDF Image | waste heat recovery steam power system for ACE Embilipitiya
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