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exception and in this way, several techniques can be employed towards specific features. Properties such as chemical and thermal stability, porosity, pore size, pore distribution or tortuosity are essential envisaging this application. Different techniques can strongly affect those properties and ultimately the battery efficiency. In the following, some of the more used processing techniques in the framework of membranes for Li-ion batteries applications will be presented. 3.1 Thermally induced phase separation Different means can be used in the production of polymeric membranes, and among them, phase inversion stands out as one of the most commonly used methods. This method comprehends two techniques that are often used, thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS)[53]. The first reference to TIPS dates back to the 80s [54], and since then, it became one of the most used techniques to produce porous membranes [55]. Typically, the TIPS method is used polymers such as poly(vinylidene fluoride), polyethylene, poly (methyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, and polymers that are insoluble in the more common solvents [53, 56, 57]. For the TIPS process, the polymer dissolves in a solvent (high boiling point and low volatility) at a high temperature, and the polymer solution is cast into a film. Afterwards, the phase separation mechanism occurs by decreasing the temperature in a water bath (Figure 3.1) [58]. 6PDF Image | Synthetic Polymer-based Membrane for Lithium Ion
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