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high porosity and low tortuosity of the membrane separator [15, 51, 94]. The Gurley value can be measured by the ASTM D726-94 [99] and ASTM D737-96 [100] standards. Membrane separators permeability should be uniform to ensure a long cycle life of the battery, since non- uniform permeability leads to irregular current density distribution and dendritic formation on the electrodes [93, 94]. 4.6 Wettability The wettability of the membrane is a key factor since liquid electrolyte entry into the structure is essential for battery performance. An easily soaking of the membrane in the electrolyte leads to high absorption which is required for the ion transport and facilitates the battery assembly process. A good and permanent liquid retain capacity is also required as it results in low internal resistance and high ionic conductivity increasing the cycle life of the battery [51, 93, 94]. The evaluation of the wettability of the membrane can be performed by measuring the electrolyte content (Econtent) into the membrane after immersing it into the liquid electrolyte during 24 hours. The masses of the wet and dry membrane are determined and correlated by the following equation: EContent=1 − m0 ×100 mE where m0 is the mass of the dry membrane and mE is the mass of the membrane filled with the electrolyte after the uptake [98]. The dynamic contact angle measurements is another possible method to measure the wettability of the membrane since it enables to observe the ease and speed of liquid entry into the membrane [15, 93]. 4.7 Mechanical strength The mechanical strength of a membrane separator is characterized in terms of tensile strength and puncture strength in the machine direction and in the transversal direction, and all 18PDF Image | Synthetic Polymer-based Membrane for Lithium Ion
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