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the parameters are typically described by the Young’s Modulus. As this parameter is difficult to measure for these materials a 2% offset yield is a good measure and < 2% offset at 1000 psi is acceptable for most winding machines. The separator must be able to withstand the winding tensions during battery assembly, for a membrane with the thickness of 25 μm the minimum tensile strength, measured according to ASTM D882 [101] and D638 [102] standards, should be around 98.06 MPa. The puncture strength corresponds to the maximum load applied by a needle to force it completely through the separator. It can be measured by a tensile tester and the minimum requirement is 300 g for a 25 μm separator, measured according to the ASTM D3763-18 [103]standard. The puncture strength indicates the tendency of the membrane separator to allow short-circuits due to particulate electrode material penetration in the separator [15, 23, 51, 93, 94]. 4.8 Thermal stability Membrane separators should maintain flat geometry and not curl when soaked with the liquid electrolyte. Additionally, shrinkage during battery storage and operation must be avoided over a wide range of temperatures, so that the separator remains dimensionally stable. The shrinkage tests are performed in both directions, machine and transversal, and the dimensions of the separator are measured at 90 oC for a fixed time; generally, the requirement of thermal shrinkage for Li-ion batteries is less than 5% after 60 min at 90 oC. This characterization is usually performed by thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) and the shrinkage calculated by: Shrinkage (%) = Li − Lf ×100 Li where Li is the initial length and Lf is the final length of the separator after higher temperature storage [15, 23, 51, 93, 94]. 19PDF Image | Synthetic Polymer-based Membrane for Lithium Ion
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