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Experimental study of an anti-icing method over an airfoil based on pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma 1457 Fig. 14 Surface temperature distributions along lines GN and HQ after they reach a steady state. have been heated. The source of heat is supposed to be associ- ated with the status of discharge which depends on the thick- ness of the local water film in the vicinity of the discharge edge of the exposed electrode. Usually the water film thickness is not uniformly dis- tributed on the surface due to the difference in the resultant force of the aerodynamic, gravity, and surface adhesion forces at different locations. Thus the surface water film can be clas- sified into two typical modes: one is that the water film thick- ness is smaller than the height of the exposed electrode as shown in Fig. 15, and the other is that the water film thickness is greater than or equal to the height of the exposed electrode as shown in Fig. 16. In the former case, part of the edge of the exposed electrode is in direct contact with the air, while the remaining part is immersed in the water film, and then gas dis- charge and liquid discharge occur simultaneously. If the water film is much thinner than the exposed electrode, strong gas dis- charge happens and dominates the heating process of the water film, increasing the temperature and emitting bright glow. Otherwise, weak gas discharge and liquid phase discharge jointly heat the water film, increasing the temperature, but without glow. In the latter case, the electrode edge is com- pletely covered by the water film; then, no gas discharge can happen, and no glow appears, so the area near the electrode is dark. In this case, liquid phase discharge happens without gas discharge and heats the water film, increasing the temper- ature without glow. Therefore, high temperature near the vicinity of the dis- charge edge of the exposed electrode can happen in three situ- ations: (A) strong gas discharge emitting bright glow dominates heating in a very thin water film case; (B) weak gas discharge and liquid phase discharge jointly heat the water film without glow in a moderate water film thickness case; (C) only liquid phase discharge heats the water film without glow in a completely covered exposed electrode case. 5. Estimation of power consumption of DBD plasma in anti-icing 5.1. Lissajous figure and electric circuit model Usually, it is difficult to measure the power consumption of DBD plasma. One proper method is the Lissajous figure method.31 An ideal form of the Lissajous figure for DBD plasma is shown in Fig. 17. The capacitance of the DBD plasma actuator can be regarded as a serial connection of the dielectric capacitance Cd and the gas gap capacitance Cg, and then the total capacitance Ctotal can be calculated by Cd Cg Ctotal 1⁄4C þC ð2Þ dg Cd and Ctotal can also be represented by the slopes of the two edges of the Lissajous figure, as are shown in Fig. 17. In the Lissajous figure method, a sampling capacitor (with a capacitance of CM) is added in a series connection to the dis- charge circuit to measure the transported quantity of the elec- tric charge Q. The voltage over the sampling capacitor is VM, and the current in the circuit is dQ dVM I1⁄4dt1⁄4CM dt ð3Þ The power consumption can be calculated by 1 Z Tp 1 Z Tp 1 Z Tp P 1⁄4 T 1⁄4 CMf VIdt 1⁄4 T VdQ 1⁄4 T VCMdVM p0p0p0 ð4Þ Fig. 15 Surface water film mode when its thickness is smaller than that of exposed electrode. Z Tp 0 VdVM Fig. 17 Ideal Lissajous figure of the DBD plasma actuator. Fig. 16 Surface water film mode when its thickness is greater than or equal to that of exposed electrode.PDF Image | Experimental study of an anti-icing method over an airfoil based on pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma
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