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DEFINITION OF TERMS Force is the action or effect on a body that changes the state of motion of the body. A force may move a body at rest, or it could increase/decrease the speed of a body, or change the direction of motion. The application of a force does not necessarily result in a change in motion. Force is any push or pull acting upon a body. Water in a can exerts a force on the sides and bottom of the can. A tugboat exerts a push or pull (force) on a barge. A man leaning against a bulkhead exerts a force on the bulkhead. Matter is anything that occupies space and has weight. Mass is the quantity of matter in a body measured in relation to its inertia. Mass and weight are similar terms, and they are often confused with each other. Weight is the common measurement to determine the quantity of matter with the pull of gravity on it. The following example will help you understand the difference between weight and mass. A person weighing 164 pounds on earth weighs 32 pounds on the moon because of the difference in the pull of gravity the mass of the person is the same. A mathematical formula for mass is as follows: Mass is equal to the weight of the object divided by the acceleration because gravity, or Slug is an English measurement of mass. A slug is mass with force and acceleration (due to gravity) taken into consideration. So, a 1-pound slug is the mass accelerated by 32 feet per second per second (32 ft/sec2) when acted upon by a force of 1 pound. Energy is the capacity for doing work. Work is done when a force moves a mass through a distance (work = force x distance). For example, if you raise a 100-pound weight 10 feet, 1,000 foot pounds of work was done. The amount of work is the same, regardless of how much time (rate) is involved. Power is the rate of doing work, or In the above example, if the work were done in 10 seconds, power expended was 100 foot pounds per second. If it took 5 minutes (300 seconds), the rate of power is 3.3 foot pounds per second. We often talk of power in terms of horsepower. Horsepower is the English measurement for mechanical power and is 33,000 foot pounds per minute, or 550 foot pounds per second. (A foot pound is the energy required to lift a 1-pound weight 1 foot.) Speed is the distance a body in motion travels per unit of time. It is expressed in terms like miles per hour (MPH) and feet per second. Velocity is speed in a given direction. The symbol V represents the term velocity. Acceleration (a) is the rate of velocity change. This definition is not based on distance traveled. Acceleration is the gain or loss of velocity with time. Negative acceleration is commonly called deceleration. () () () or Acceleration due to gravity is 32.2 feet per second per second (or feet per second squared). This means that a free-falling 1-pound object accelerates at 32.2 feet per second each second that gravity acts on it. We use the lower case g to express the acceleration due to gravity. 1-5PDF Image | JET ENGINE THEORY AND DESIGN
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