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Power Electronics and Wind Power GERTMAR Lars Power electronics for wind power–technically available today Wiley Encyclopaedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering [16], forms around 25 volumes on a book shelf. It is comfortably available by annual agreements as an on-line feature for anyone—the major Swedish universities have made such agreements, ABB, too. It holds various sections posted 1999-2000, e.g., on power electronics for adjustable [variable] speed motor drives, power generation plants, and power transmission & distribution systems—all with selected biography. For wind power, there are technology overviews and lists of references in the following sections: ♦ “Wind power” by Frede Blaabjerg, Aalborg University; Ned Mohan, University of Minnesota TOP OF ARTICLE for biography and overview POWER IN THE WIND POWER IN A WIND TURBINE POWER CONTROL METHODS SIMPLE WIND POWER SYSTEMS ADVANCED WIND POWER SYSTEMS ♦ “Wind turbines” by René Spée, Maxwell Technologies; Shibashis Bhowmik, Southwest Research Institute TOP OF ARTICLE BASIC WIND TURBINE CHARACTERISTICS for biography and overview CONVERSION SYSTEMS FOR WIND POWER GENERATION WIND TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEMS WIND TURBINE OPERATION OUTLOOK AND FURTHER INFORMATION A very early paper on adjustable speed wind power drives was written by Lipo, already in 1970s. It is telling that the main circuits and active/reactive power characteristics are the same as for motors in adjustable speed drives, ASDs. Another early paper, even also on an ASD (DFIG), wind generator was written early 80s, in the first MW-era by Hinrichsen [17]. Both papers form still a basic truth although farm aspects, availability, cost-efficiency, fault handling and safety are essential aspects for generators’ drive-trains, often with embodiments that are different from the art of motor drives. Defective gearboxes have opened up for alternatives. Direct drive, geared drive and intermediate solutions were described in one paper at EWEC’97 [18]. Referring to this keynote paper’s Fig. 2, “The Top-10 list of suppliers 2002”, geared drives are today dominant in wind turbine business while Enercon, today’s second largest wind turbine manufacturer, originated with the product of direct drives [19] in the 1980s and quite a few have followed [20, 21] in various consortia. Intermediate solutions [22] with the first step out of the so-far traditional 3-step gear-box are still in their infancy but seem very promising from nacelle weight’s point-of-view [23]. Most geared drives of today—and all direct drives and intermediate solutions—are ASD power electronic drives. They comprise partly (DFIG, say 30 %) or fully (100 %) rated power electronic converters as well as control of blades for cost-effective torque-speed control. Short & medium term issues for wind power to integrate wind farms When a number of wind turbine generator systems, WTGSs, are combined to establish a large wind farm, the interconnection and its grid connection are often issues causing some difficulties. There are several reasons to this, ranging from cost factors via lack of knowledge to even misunderstanding between at least two parties: The wind side & The utility side. Maybe also other parties like consultants, electrical equipment manufacturers, investors, insurance companies, and the like. Misunderstandings and loose contacts between parties are more common than we really believe. EPE 2003 - Toulouse ISBN : 90-75815-07-7 P.7PDF Image | Power Electronics and Wind Power
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