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Figure 4. Plastics Europe anticipated biopolymer production capacity (in tonnes/year) by 2015. The platform biorenewable chemicals glycerine and lactic acid make up the bulk of biorenewable chemicals being sold in 2010, accounting for 79.2% of the market. There is a large range in market maturity for platform biochemicals, ranging from mature markets such as lactic acid to nascent markets for chemicals such as succinic acid. The strongest growth will be for secondary chemicals such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and bio-ethylene that are used to manufacture bio-based plastics. The world market for succinic acid was approximately 30 kTon in 2009, of which less than 5% was produced from bio-based feedstock. Biorenewable succinic acid is just entering the marketplace, but by 2015, will account for two thirds of the estimated 90 kTon/year global succinic acid market. SBI Energy expects to see 3-hydroxypropanoic acid (3-HPA) and acetic acid achieving production volumes greater than 20 kTon/year by 2015, primarily due to strong R&D programs from Cargill and WACKER respectively. Various companies (primarily in the U.S. and Europe) have moved past the laboratory to the pilot plant stage for isosorbide, isoprene, levulinic acid, and adipic acid. For these platform organic chemicals, production will continue to be a very limited affair, with volumes well below 9 kTon/year for the foreseeable future. Revenue of PHA worldwide reached an estimated US$107.8 mln in 2009, up 21% from US$89.1 mln in 2008, and is expected to reach US$150.3 mln for 2010. A steady increase in global production has balanced a decreasing trend in pricing for PHA, giving the PHA market a strong CAGR of 28.3% between 2006 and 2010. The largest barrier for PHA to gain market share is high manufacturing costs which are still much higher than other polymers (73). Table 3. Bio-based chemicals assessed for market penetration and reference materials (adapted from ref (14)). Bio-based chemical Reference petrochemicals Ethyl lactate Ethyl acetate Ethylene Ethylene Adipic acid Adipic acid Acetic acid Acetic acid n-Butanol n-Butanol PTT PTT & Nylon 6 PHA HDPE PLA PET and PS FDCA Terephthalic acid Succinic acid Maleic anhydride 10 Currently, commercialised bio-polymers (a.o. PLA, PHA, thermoplastic starch) are demonstrating strong market growth. Market analysis shows growth per annum to be in the 10-30% range (18) (19) (20). Bio-based polymer markets have been dominated by biodegradable food packaging and food service applications.PDF Image | Bio-based Chemicals Value Added Products from Biorefineries
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