PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 006
currently in its sixth year, has received nominations from hundreds of companies. The winners of this award exemplify the impressive gains achieved in protecting human health and the environment through the imple- mentation of green chemistry technologies. In June 2001, U.S. President George W. Bush called on “leaders in industry and education to pursue the principles of green chemistry to achieve environmental and economic pros- perity”.100 The green chemistry awards in Italy, Australia, Japan, and the U.K. provide excellent examples of how cutting-edge research and industrial implementation of green chemistry are having a real-world impact. Government Engagement. Multinational engagement, both governmental and nongovernmental, has increased. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Devel- opment (OECD) launched an initiative in sustainable chemistry in 1998, and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization has more recently focused on green chemistry in conferences in Trieste, Italy, and Buenos Aires, Argentina. IUPAC has been actively engaged through a multidivisional green chemistry initiative as well as through the Chemrawn Committee’s World Conference on Green Chemistry that attracted participation from 31 countries around the world. Future Challenges The future challenges facing green chemistry are as diverse as the scientific imagination and address the broadest issues of sustainability. Because of this breadth, it should be no surprise that a number of these challenges are being pursued for reasons ranging from economic to scientific. Research Challenges. The challenges to research in achieving green chemistry principles are numerous, and a detailed discussion of each is not possible. However, a listing of some of the challenges provides an illustration of current issues and may stimulate thinking on other challenges that should be included: • Transformations utilizing energy rather than material. • Efficient splitting of water by visible light. • Solvent systems that effect efficient heat and mass transfer while catalyzing reactions and intrinsically aiding in product separation. • Development of a synthetic methodologies “toolbox” that is both atom economical and benign to human health and the environment. • Plastics and polymers designed for innocuous deg- radation through the use of additives-free design. • Materials design for recycle/reuse decisions based on embedded entropy. • Development of “preventative toxicology” where increasing knowledge of biological and environmental mechanisms of action are continuously incorporated into the design of chemical products. • Less energy-intensive manufacture of photovoltaic cells that are more efficient. • Development of noncombustion, non-material- intensive energy sources. • Value-added consumptive/fixation uses for CO2 and other greenhouse gases at high volume. • Transformations preserving sensitive functionality without the use of protecting groups. • Development of surfaces and materials that are durable and do not require coatings and cleaners. Implementation Challenges. The discovery of more environmentally benign technologies at the research stage does not guarantee that they will be adopted on an industrial scale. A number of barriers hinder the adoption of newer technologies that prevent pollution. Adoption of environmentally benign processes may be facilitated by the following: • Flexibility in regulations. • Tax incentives for implementing cleaner technologies. • Research programs to facilitate technology transfer among academic institutions, government, and industry. • Patent life extensions for cleaner process optimiza- tion. Education Challenges. Students at all levels can be introduced to the philosophy and practice of green chemistry. Educators need appropriate tools, training, and materials to effectively integrate green chemistry into their teaching and research. Important steps to be taken to advance green chemistry within the curriculum include the following: • Systematic recognition of hazard/toxicity as a physi- cal/chemical property of molecular structure that can be designed and manipulated. • Development and utilization of practical laboratory experiments to illustrate green chemistry principles. • Balanced equations in organic textbooks and replace- ment of “yield” with “atom economy”. • Introduction of the basic concepts of chemical toxicology and the molecular basis of hazard. • Incorporation of green chemistry topics on profes- sional certification exams. • Teacher reference materials for incorporating green chemistry into existing courses. • Education of legislators on the benefits of green chemistry. Conclusion The growth of green chemistry over the course of the past decade needs to increase at an accelerated pace if mo- lecular science is to meet the challenges of sustainability. It has been said that the revolution of one day becomes the new orthodoxy of the next. When the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry are simply incorporated as an integral part of everyday chemistry, there will no longer be a need for the focusing, highlighting, and moniker of green chemistry. And when that day comes, the challenges that chemistry will meet cannot be imagined. Note: Many outstanding examples of green chemistry may be found in the literature. This reference list is not meant to be comprehensive, but includes a representative selection of green chemistry technologies. Origins, Status, and Challenges of Green Chemistry Anastas and Kirchhoff VOL. 35, NO. 9, 2002 / ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 691PDF Image | Origins, Current Status, and Future Challenges of Green Chemistry
PDF Search Title:
Origins, Current Status, and Future Challenges of Green ChemistryOriginal File Name Searched:
WEEK_9a___paper.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |