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TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION The following technical assessment builds upon existing and similar surveys and reports with an added emphasis on 1) near-term and commercialized developments, and 2) the emerging residential-sized GHP market. The technology overviews are grouped by three gas heat pump types: vapor compression (engine-driven), sorption (vapor absorption/vapor adsorption), and thermal compression. While these three GHP types are commonly applicable across product categories, there are also sufficient differences between categories resulting in them being treated separately in this assessment. These differences are significant enough that researchers and companies developing GHP technologies commonly select and stick with only one GHP technology category. Table 2: Qualitative Comparisons of GHP-Types12 Examples Vapor Compression M-Trigen, Blue Mountain Energy Vapor Absorption Robur, SMTI Sorption Vapor Adsorption SaltX, Viessmann Thermal Compression Boostheat, Thermolift Installation Type Common Working Fluids Heating/Cold Climate Air-to-Air with hydronic heat recovery & direct-expansion possible R-134a, R-410A NH3/H2O or LiBr/H2O Air-to-water/brine or Water-to-water/brine Zeolite/Water, Ammonia/Carbon, or Ammonia/Salt Water-to-water/brine, air-source requires additional coil Helium, CO2 Cooling/Hot Climate Performance Environmental Impact Good (in mild climates) Very Good High-GWP refrigerants are common, after-treatment needed for NOx Very Good Note: For climate zone definitions, visit: https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/climate-zones. 12The information presented represents GTI’s engineering judgment on efforts within the scope of this assessment and is not an exhaustive assessment of each GHP type Good Ultra-Low NOx certified, low/zero GWP refrigerants Good Good Ultra-Low NOx capable, low/zero GWP refrigerants Excellent Excellent Ultra-Low NOx capable, low/zero GWP refrigerants Presented by: Brio and GTI 18PDF Image | GAS HEAT PUMP TECHNOLOGY AND MARKET ROADMAP
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