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40% reduction in CO2 emissions from the residential heating sector in New York State by 2030 would require replacing all existing oil furnaces and over 20% of existing natural gas furnaces with efficient heat pumps by 2030, assuming the state’s target of 50% renewable energy by 2030 is also met. Contact PSE Healthy Energy 1440 Broadway, Suite 205 Oakland, CA 94612 info@psehealthyenergy.org References [1] T. Fawcett, N. Eyre, and R. Layberry, “Heat pumps and global residential heating,” In Proceedings of the European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy Summer Study, 2015. [2] I. Staffell, D. Brett, N. Brandon, and A. Hawkes, “A review of domestic heat pumps,” Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 9291–9306, 2012. [3] “Commercial earth energy systems: A buyer’s guide,” 2002. [4] D. Fischer and H. Madani, “On heat pumps in smart grids: A review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 70, pp. 342–357, 2017. [5] Renewable Heat and Heat from Combined Heat and Power Plants: Study and Analysis. Future Energy Solutions, 2005. [6] P. D. Lund, J. Lindgren, J. Mikkola, and J. Salpakari, “Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 45, pp. 785–807, 2015. [7] N. Kelly and J. Cockroft, “Analysis of retrofit air source heat pump performance: Results from detailed simulations and comparison to field trial data,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 239–245, 2011. [8] D. Jenkins, R. Tucker, and R. Rawlings, “Modelling the carbon-saving performance of domestic ground-source heat pumps,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 587–595, 2009. [9] B. Greening, B and A. Azapagic, “Domestic heat pumps: Life cycle environmental impacts and potential implications for the UK,” Energy, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 205–217, 2012. [10] Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS). U. S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2009. [11] A. Makhijani, “Making residential heating and cooling climate-friendly in New York State,” tech. rep., IEER, 2017. [12] “Renewable heating and cooling policy framework: Options to advance industry growth and markets in New York,” tech. rep., NYSERDA, 2017. [13] “Heat pumps potential for energy savings in New York State,” tech. rep., NYSERDA, 2015. [14] "Technology roadmap 2011 — energy-efficient buildings: Heating and cooling equipment." tech. rep., International Energy Agency (IEA), 2011. In summary: Heat pumps have the potential to effectively replace fossil fuel heating systems, decarbonize the heating sector, and lower heating costs over conventional heating systems. Some challenges remain, including high initial capital costs and added grid complexities in colder climates. To overcome market and behavioral barriers for heat pump adoption — such as upfront cost, low priority for energy efficiency in decision-making, principal- agent problems, etc. — policies involving financial incentives, utility programs, minimum energy performance standards, and roadmaps for market expansion need to be adopted. [14] www.psehealthyenergy.org 6 TECHNOLOGY BRIEF | CLEAN ENERGYPDF Image | Lync heat pump diagram
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